1. CRIMINOLOGY 220: RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIMINOLOGY SEPTEMBER 24, 2012 Librarian (Burnaby) Simon Fraser University Criminology 220 1

2. Today’s class Criminology 220 2  Unique (online) Criminology reference material  Finding books & articles  Which databases or search tools to use?  Strengths of each:  Catalogue, Fast Search, Library Search, Subject-based Databases, Google  Scholarly journals versus popular or trade magazines  APA citation style and avoiding plagiarism  Where is help available?

3. Library Research Guides Criminology 220 3 The library’s homepage: www.lib.sfu.ca www.lib.sfu.ca Click on “Browse Research Guides”

4. Library Research Guides Criminology 220 4 Click on Criminology and then pick Crim 220Crim

5. Start with Background Material Criminology 220 5  What is it?  Encyclopedias and other reference sources that provide a topic overview and hint at sub-topics  Why use it? Helps you narrow a topic that is too big; good starting point Helps you identify terminology used in the field Helps you identify key researchers Helps you find related readings  Where to find?  Library reference section  Online Reference Sources Online Reference Sources

6. Background Material Criminology Subcollection + other social sciences collections 11 Criminology Titles in Criminology and Criminal Justice Package Broad range of Reference Sources

7. DSM-IV Online  New subscription: DSM-IV-TR® Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – online!  Includes current and historical versions  The “standard diagnostic tool used by mental health professionals…. Each psychiatric disorder…is accompanied by a set of diagnostic criteria and descriptive details including associated features, prevalence, familial patterns, age-, culture-, and gender- specific features, and differential diagnosis” Criminology 220 7

8. Sage Research Methods Online (SRMO)  SRMO is an online portal to research methodology information in the social sciences, critical and instructional  600 + online books Chapter: “Looking Forward: the Future of Qualitative Research in Criminology” Chapter: “Doing Research on Crime and Justice: A Political Endeavour?”  Research Methods Map  Videos Criminology 220 8

9. Sage Research Methods Online (SRMO) Criminology 220 9 Contains the Research Methods map with a taxonomy of research methods Illustrates connections between methodologies

10. Where to Search…? Library Search Catalogue Databases Fast Search Google Criminology 220 10

11. Catalogue  The “mothership” of SFU Library’s library data  Complete information on almost everything SFU Library provides access to:  Books and eBooks (400,000 ebooks and 1,350,000 print books)  Movies, (e.g., streaming NFB films)  Sound effects  Database names (Academic Search Premier, etc.)  Journal Titles BUT: no journal articles Criminology 220 11

12. Catalogue Searching Criminology 220 12

13. Catalogue Searching  Start with keyword search  Identify a good title(s) and review its subject headings – a core strength of the catalogue  Redo search using subject headings  Good strategy for any research  Subject headings = topical terms from a controlled vocabulary, assigned by human, allows for subject collocation  Usually 3-5, but could be 2-7 for each item

14. SFU’s “Google” – Fast Search Criminology 220 14 Books E-Books Journal Articles Newspaper Articles Images Videos/DVDs Music Maps Slides SFU theses/dissertations Government documents Sound recordings (CBC Ideas) Includes journal articles + newspaper articles – *many*

15. FastSearch Criminology 220 15 Option to limit to scholarly publications (but double- check!) Option to limit to journal articles

16. FastSearch Criminology 220 16 Various content types, including newspaper content

17. FastSearch Criminology 220 17 Subject Terms ≠ Subject Headings Use with caution

18. Fast Search  Key advantages of Fast Search:  Broad search can capture unique terms/proper names across thousands of sources  Tool for beginning research outside your discipline  3 Branch availability  Search for books and articles at the same time  Easy + fun faceted searching

19. Linking to Full-Text Criminology 220 19 Proxy from home to access Fast Search content Full-text through multiple sources

20. Library Search Criminology 220 20

21. Library Search  Searches 100% of Fast Search content, (which contains 100% of the library’s catalogue)  Divides Fast Search content by info type – books & media, newspaper articles & more, journal articles  Additionally, includes:  Summit, the Institutional Repository  The library website – FAQs, Research Guides & other web pages  Course reserves Criminology 220 21

22. Library Search  ISBN or DOI  no results?  WorldCat  Interlibrary loan request form  Best Bets  Criminal Code Criminology 220 22

23. Locating Databases Criminology 220 23

24. Locating Databases Criminology 220 24

25. Databases by Subject Area Criminology 220 25

26. Which Databases? Criminology 220 26  Criminology specific/appropriate databases:  Criminal Justice Abstracts  PsycINFO  Sociological Abstracts  General databases:  Academic Search Premier  Google Scholar – Access through library!Access through library!

27. PsycINFO Criminology 220 27

28. Subject Databases  Why use subject databases? Key strenghts:  Allow for literature reviews  Sophisticated search limits, based on higher quality metadata  Extra tools (times cited, bibliometrics, etc.)  Subject-relevant data fields, E.g. PsycINFOPsycINFO Research methodology (from brain imaging to twin study) Age group (child, teen, adult, senior) Population type: male, female, animal, human, inpatient, outpatient

29. Google  Access Google through the library for free access to subscription resources (automatic on campus)  PRO: Fast and easy!  BUT: Mysterious algorithms – what is covered? Are some publishers favored? Can the database accurately judge what is scholarly?  AND: dirty data  AND: less control over search Criminology 220 29

30. Articles: Scholarly versus Popular Criminology 220 30

31. Finding Scholarly Journal Articles Criminology 220 31  You must use scholarly journal articles  Look for synonymous terms such as:  Scholarly articles  Academic journals  Peer-reviewed  Refereed

32. Definition of a Scholarly Article:  Articles in scholarly journals are peer-reviewed* “Peer-reviewed journals are publications that include only those articles that have been reviewed and/or qualified by a selected panel of acknowledged experts in the field of study covered by the journal” --EBSCO  Peer-reviewed articles = Refereed articles  “Academic article” used interchangeably with “scholarly article” *key criterion = peer-reviewed

33. Scholarly versus Popular  Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice  Audience: Academics  Writers: Unpaid scholars and researchers  Often visually boring with tables, charts but no advertising  Include abstracts and citations  Good for historical, current, scholarly, in-depth perspectives  Subject-specific jargon  Key criterion: peer-reviewed  Macleans  Audience: General public  Writers: Paid, non-specialist  Colorful, graphics, advertisements  Does not include abstracts or citations  Good for broad overview and popular perspective  Accessible language 33 Criminology 220 Scholarly Journal ArticlesPopular Magazine Articles

34. APA guides and plagiarism tutorial APA guides Plagiarism tutorial

35. APA Guides  Actual APA guides available for check-out in the library Criminology 220 35

36. APA Guides  APA provides much guidance for citing scholarly journal articles – quite straightforward  More unusual items – course pack materials, Facebook posts, data tables from Statistics Canada, etc., can be trickier – grey areas that may require some interpretation  In these cases, 1. Follow APA general citation guidelines (order of elements) 2. Check out APA blog for extra guidance  Always proofread auto-generated citations!!! Criminology 220 36

37. Writing and avoiding plagiarism  If you don’t know how to correctly cite a document, feel free to ask a librarian for help.  If you want help with writing/structuring your paper or quoting/paraphrasing documents, see the Student Learning Commons Student Learning Commons Workshops One-to-one appointments Drop-in consultations Online handouts

38. Patchwriting?  What is “patchwriting”? 1. Copying portions of papers from other classes and then resubmitting them as part of a new paper in a different class (a form of plagiarism) 2. Using an inappropriately informal and colloquial writing style 3. A form of plagiarism in which a writer relies too heavily on the words and sentence structure of the author’s original text Criminology 220 38

39. Is this plagiarism? Direct quotation: “When a significant violation of public trust has occurred, lying is a common corollary because the wrongdoing invites concealment” (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008, p. 838). Student A’s paper: If a serious violation of public trust occurs, lying is often the result because this action invites concealment (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008).

40. Is this plagiarism? Direct quotation: “When a significant violation of public trust has occurred, lying is a common corollary because the wrongdoing invites concealment” (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008, p. 838). Student A’s paper: If a serious violation of public trust occurs, lying is often the result because this action invites concealment (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008).

41. Is this plagiarism?  Patchwriting =  A form of plagiarism in which a writer relies too heavily on the words and sentence structure of the author’s original text.

42. Is this plagiarism? Direct quotation: “When a significant violation of public trust has occurred, lying is a common corollary because the wrongdoing invites concealment” (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008, p. 838). Student B’s paper: Organizations often feel compelled to lie about their actions when they are discovered to have taken advantage of the public (Fleming & Zyglidopoulos, 2008).

43. Need Help? Criminology 220 43  The library provides many ways to get help:  In-person at the reference desk  Telephone  Email  Chat reference - AskAway  Txt Us  Learning Commons Learning Commons  Yolanda Koscielski, Criminology Liaison Librarian ysk6@sfu.ca