1. Modeling Navigation Channel Infilling and Migration at Tidal Inlets: Sensitivity To Waves And Tidal Prism Kenneth J. Connell

2. Assateague Island Ocean City Beaches Bypassing Path Moriches Inlet, NY Ocean City Inlet, MD Mouth of the Columbia River WA OR Morphologic Features of Navigable Tidal Inlets

3. Presentation Overview Discussion of Scope and Methods Presentation of some of the results obtained Concluding remarks and significance of findings

4. Scope and Methods Idealized simulations to examine 1 st -order effects Varied channel-bar systems Sensitivity to wave forcing Sensitivity to tidal prism forcing

5. Coastal Modeling System (CMS) Mouth of the Columbia River 2-D and 3-D Numerical modeling at local- to regional-scale coastal projects including: Inlets Navigation channels Coastal structures Existing Alt 2 Alt 1 Alt 3 Matagorda Ship Channel, TX Flood Current analysis of design alternatives

6. CMS Capabilities CMS model interconnectivity - all supported within the SMS interface: –CMS-M2D (w/explicit and implicit modes) –CMS-WABED –CMS-M3D –STWAVE –ADCIRC Efficient, high-resolution calculation of: –Hydrodynamic circulation & water level Tide (including flooding & drying) Waves Wind forcing Flow from river input Advection Storm surge and wave setup –Sediment Transport –Geomorphic evolution –Salinity Initial Forcing: Measured WSE, ADCIRC Tidal Constituent generated WSE, Wind, River input CMS-M2D CMS-WABED or STWAVE Hydrodynamic Module Sediment Transport Morphology Change Circulation-Wave Steering interval Hydrot Morphologyt Sediment transportt CMS-M3D

7. Model Domain

8. Initial Channels

9. 30 Waves DesignationHeight (m)Period (s)Direction (deg) Typical1830 Storm31430 Shore normal180 No waves (Tide forcing only) N/A Wave Angle:

10. Barrier Island Ocean Bay navigation channel infilling 30º Results

11. 2 m Channel, Typical Waves

12. 4 m Channel, Typical Waves

13. 6 m Channel, Typical Waves

14. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Typical Waves

15. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Storm Waves

16. 2 m Channel with Reduced Bay Area, Typical Waves

17. 6 m Channel, No Waves (Tide Only)

19. Concluding Remarks Morphologic features systematically linked to channel morphology Storm condition bypassing occurs at greater depths due to increased depth of closure under the large wave regime Numerical modeling of channel infilling, migration, and sediment bypassing is becoming more reliable

20. Acknowledgements PIANC USA –John Paul Woodley, Jr. – Chairman –Major General Don T. Riley – President –Bruce Lambert – Secretary –Edmond J. Russo, Jr. – Publications Chairman Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) –Nicholas C. Kraus – Program Manager –Jack Davis, Jim Clausner – Technical Directors

21. Barrier Island Ocean Bay navigation channel infilling 30º Thank You!

27. Cohesive Transport in Navigation Channels freshwater discharge salt water intrusion bed water surface Turbidity maximum flocculation Hindered settling fluff layer Important considerations in bays and sheltered areas were fine material is source of channel infilling Channel Bed Fluff impedes navigation Matagorda Ship Channel, TX

28. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Shore Normal Waves

30. 6 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Typical Waves

31. 6 m Channel, Storm Waves

32. 6 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Storm Waves

33. 2 m Channel, Storm Waves