1. STRUCTURE Highlight the structure of material Highlight the structure of material Decide on main point/message Decide on main point/message State theme/purpose and explain plan State theme/purpose and explain plan

2. STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BODY BODY CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION Introduce yourself Introduce yourself Involve the audience Involve the audience Give relevant background information Give relevant background information State topic and purpose State topic and purpose Provide overview of contents Provide overview of contents

4. BODY STRATEGIC ORGANISING PRINCIPLES STRATEGIC ORGANISING PRINCIPLES Rhetorical Sequence Rhetorical Sequence Comparison and Contrast Comparison and Contrast Problem and Recommendation Problem and Recommendation Deductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning

5. BODY Stick to 3-5 main points Stick to 3-5 main points Signpost the route Signpost the route Use supporting materials Use supporting materials Involve the audience Involve the audience

6. INVOLVING THE AUDIENCE Present key points at beginning or end Present key points at beginning or end Use 1st/2nd person pronouns Use 1st/2nd person pronouns Rhetorical questions Rhetorical questions Anticipate questions Anticipate questions Ask audience to do something Ask audience to do something

7. CONCLUSION Summary Summary Conclusions Conclusions Recommendation Recommendation

8. STYLE Convey enthusiasm and interest Convey enthusiasm and interest Discuss pros and cons Discuss pros and cons Explain advantages, and present risks/challenges Explain advantages, and present risks/challenges Compose for the Ear not the Eye Compose for the Ear not the Eye

9. DISCUSSION Anticipate questions Anticipate questions Make sure you understand the question Make sure you understand the question Have additional data available Have additional data available Don’t digress Don’t digress Be honest Be honest Joke questions Joke questions Take control Take control