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Learning Chapter Review
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In Classical Conditioning, the best results occur when the conditioned stimulus is presented a. After the unconditioned stimulus b. At the same time as the unconditioned stimulus c. Alone d. Before the unconditioned stimulus
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Answer: D Before the unconditioned stimulus
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Who pioneered research in classical conditioning?
Sigmund Freud Ivan Pavlov Albert Bandura B.F. Skinner
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Answer: B Ivan Pavlov
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An unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the response that produced it is called
Negative reinforcement Punishment Classical conditioning Avoidance learning
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Answer: B Punishment
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In classical conditioning, the responses that are conditioned are
Voluntary Involuntary Operant imitative
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Answer: B Involuntary
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A subject responding to a second stimulus similar to the original CS is an example of
Discrimination Preconditioning Generalization taste
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Answer: C Generalization
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A child saying “Daddy” only to his father is an example of
Extinction Discrimination Generalization An unconditioned response
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Answer: B Discrimination
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Things that meet people’s needs, such as food, are examples of
Extinction Secondary reinforcers Primary reinforcers shaping
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Answer: C Primary Reinforcers
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Spontaneous recovery can occur
When the unconditioned stimulus is extinguished When the conditioned stimulus starts again. After systematic desensitization As a result of latent learning
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Answer: B When the conditioned stimulus starts again.
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Which of the following types of learning involves cognitive factors?
Classical conditioning Latent learning Operant conditioning Programming learning.
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Answer: B Latent Learning
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Something that produces a response.
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Answer: Stimulus
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Form of classical conditioning in which food comes to be avoided.
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Answer: Taste Aversion
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Method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.
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Answer: Shaping
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Type of schedule in which reinforcement occurs every time the behavior occurs.
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Answer: Continuous Reinforcement
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Type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others.
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Answer: Observational Learning.
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What psychologist pioneered research on observational learning?
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Answer: Albert Bandura
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Through operant conditioning, people learn to control
Voluntary responses Involuntary biological behaviors Unconditioned responses Unconditioned stimuli
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Answer: A voluntary responses
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Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence.
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Answer: Response Chains.
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Training an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus.
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Answer: Escape Conditioning.
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Most psychologists suggest that punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it
May cause children to learn to hit. May cause children to run away. Does not teach the correct way to act. Does all of the above
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Answer: D All of the above.
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Classical or Operant? Because taking exams in the past has always led to failure and humiliation, Sam gets nervous and nauseous whenever the teacher announces that they’re about to take a quiz.
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Answer: Classical!
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True or False? Smiles and approval are secondary reinforcers.
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Answer: False.
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True or False? Cognitive psychologists view learning as mechanical.
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Answer: False
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True or False? The psychologist most closely associated with operant conditioning is Sigmund Freud.
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Answer: False
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Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced after a set number of responses. Like when a video store promises a free rental with every 5 paid rentals.
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What is a Fixed-Ratio?
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