1. Developing a Research Agenda for the Caribbean Food System to Respond to Global Changes. Agro Processing By Prof. J. O. Akingbala

2. 2 Environmental Changes by 2100 Global warming ( 1.4 – 5.8 o c) Rise in sea level (0.09 – 0.88m) Changes in climate variability –Frequency –Intensity

3. 3 Impact of Environmental Changes on World Food Production and Availability General reduction in crop yields in tropical & sub-tropical regions Increased crop yields in some temperate regions

4. 4 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions Africa – diminished food security. Asia – diminished food security. Latin America(Caribbean). –Yields of important crops decrease. –Threat to subsistence farming.

5. 5 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions 2 Europe –Positive effect in northern Europe –Negative effects in south & eastern Europe Australia/New Zealand –Initial positive effect –Later negative effect

6. 6 Projected Effects of Climate Changes on Agricultural Products for World Regions 3 North America. –Positive in the north. –Drought in the Prairies. –Benefits decline as temperature increases.

7. 7 The Problem Raw material requirement of agro processing sector in the Caribbean Current sources of raw materials Effect of predicted climate changes on raw material supply

8. 8 Sources of Raw Materials for Agro – Processing Food Industry of the Caribbean Raw MaterialsSources Temperate Crops – Wheat,Barley, Maize, Oil seeds/Meal North America, Europe Animal Products – Milk, Cheese, Chicken etc. Australia/New Zealand

9. 9 Agricultural Production of the Caribbean for 1990 &1991 ($million International) Totals19901991 Agriculture9093.008977.00 Food8753.008667.00 Crop6993.006900.00 Cereals265.00235.00 Pulses90.00 Roots/Tubers251.00252.00 Oil Crops112.00 Livestock2800.002077.00

10. 10 Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.) Totals199019911992 Cereals1414.001430.001245.00 Oilseeds100.0095.0098.00 Sugar9579.008787.008156.00 Roots & Tubers2314.002319.002272.00 Pulses249.00246.00253.00 Fruits5760.005623.005004.00 Vegetables1370.001397.001371.00 Beverages (coffee, tea, cocoa) 198.00188.00189.00

11. 11 Caribbean Agriculture Production Quantities (1,000MT.) 2 Totals199019911992 Meats878.00888.00785.00 Milk1998.001955.001739.00 Eggs193.00203.00183.00 Tobacco65.0071.0067.00

12. 12 Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million) Totals199019911992 Cereals & Preparations394450 Wheat & Flour131719 Oil crop and feed crops10128 Oil seeds10128 Vegetable oils987 Fruits vegetables and products 620542584 Sugar & Honey517230682616 Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices 187172131

13. 13 Caribbean Agriculture Exports ($Million) Totals199019911992 Other Beverages166165178 Live Animals111 Meat & Meat preparations 293819 Dairy products & eggs587 Other Agric products201916 Tobacco & products165138121

14. 14 Caribbean Agriculture Imports ($million) Totals199019911992 Cereals & Preparations835767846 Wheat & Flour314200212 Rice173115128 Maize18123 Barley3152166 Oil Crops & Feed Pdtn1686063 Oil seed p’dts and feed vegetable oils 58173190 Fruits vegetables & p’dts 322350349

15. 15 Caribbean Agriculture Imports ($million) Totals199019911992 Sugar & Honey115104111 Coffee,cocoa,tea & spices 605958 Other beverages241224240 Live Animals1299 Meat & Meat prep's456494380 Dairy p’dts & eggs372415367 Tobacco & products40 39 Other Agric p’dts128125108

16. 16 Suggested Solutions Development of new food types. Developing substitutes for traditional raw materials. –From new raw materials. –Diluting traditional raw materials. –Adapting new processes.

17. 17 Suggested Solutions 2 Beverages. –Alcoholic – any fermentable solids. –Beer – other heat durable cereals. –Non alcoholic- fruits. Animal products. –Meat – development of new materials from salvaged meat and fish products. –Manufacture of chicken bacon from neck and back muscle. –Fish patties from underutilised fish. –Ayami.