1. The Era of Napoleon

2. Journal: Napoleon Painting Look at the painting of Napoleon. Look at the colors, pose, and symbols. What is the artist trying to tell us about Napoleon?

3. Background 1.Born in Corsica. 2.Son of a lawyer from the Florentine nobility. 3.Attended French military school. 4.Read writings of the philosophers of the Enlightenment and of past military leaders. 5.Very popular as a general for defending the Republic. 6.Napoleon stated “I am the Revolution.”

4. Rise to Power 1.Napoleon quickly moved up in the military ranks. 2.In 1799, Napoleon led a coup d'état, or overthrow, of the Directory and formed a new government. 3.The new government was called the Consulate.

5. Napoleon Becomes Emperor 1.In theory, the new government was a republic, but Napoleon had absolute control. – Appointed government jobs. – Controlled the military – Controlled foreign affairs – Influenced the legislature 2.In 1802, Napoleon became consul for life. 3.In 1804, Napoleon named himself Emperor Napoleon I.

6. Napoleon’s Domestic Reforms 1.Made peace with the Roman Catholic Church. 2.The Napoleonic Code preserved the changes from the revolution. – Equality before the law – Choose profession – Religious toleration – End feudalism and serfdom 3.Government jobs based soley on ability. 4.Freedom was not part of Napoleon’s government. – Shut down 60 of 73 newspapers. – All published material had to be approved by the government. – Mail was opened and read by the government.

7. Napoleon’s Empire 1.Grand Empire of 3 parts – French Empire – Dependent States (ruled by Napoleon’s family members) – Allied states (defeated by Napoleon and forced to join fight against Britain) 2.Napoleon spread Enlightenment ideas from French law to new parts of Europe.

8. Fall of Napoleon 1.Napoleon envisioned his empire lasting forever, but several things caused it to collapse. – Britain’s survival – Nationalism 2.The invasion of Russia doomed Napoleon. – Russians retreated and used the scorched earth tactic of burning everything and leaving nothing for Napoleon’s army to survive on. – Napoleon was forced to retreat and other countries attacked France. 3.The monarchy was restored in France as Louis XVIII took over. 4.Napoleon returned from exile, but was defeated again at Waterloo.

9. Journal: Was Napoleon the Revolution? Napoleon stated “I am the revolution.” and continually reminded the French people of his role in the formation of the Republic. After learning about Napoleon, do you think this is true, that he was a big part of the revolution and carrying out its cause?

10. Congress of Vienna 1.After the defeat of Napoleon, European rulers acted to restore the old order of monarchies. 2.The Congress of Vienna, led by Klemens von Metternich made a peace settlement. 3.The idea of legitimacy was used to determine who should rule, and it meant the former rulers in the lands conquered by Napoleon would return to power. 4.The desire to restore the old order was known as conservatism. 5.The Great Powers, Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, organized the meeting and gained the most by restoring the old order.