1. Implications for the U.S. from Canada, Australia and South Africa D ECOLONIZING STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING SOCIAL WORK LEGACIES WITH INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS David Androff, MSW, PhD Arizona State University

2. O VERVIEW  Colonization and social work legacies  Historical trauma and contemporary problems  Decolonizing strategies  South Africa  Australia  Canada

3. C OLONIZATION AND SOCIAL WORK RESPONSIBILITY  Colonization of indigenous populations  Policies of assimilation and oppression  Forced schooling  Indian Residential Schools  Stolen generation  Apartheid social work

4. H ISTORICAL TRAUMA  Inter-generational, collective trauma  Disparities and disproportionality  Higher incidence of problems  Over-representation in systems  Life expectancy, poverty, health, suicide, mental health, substance abuse, family violence  Child welfare and criminal justice

5. D ECOLONIZING STRATEGIES  Acknowledgment of harm  Reaffirming indigenous identity and culture  Empowerment  Healing  Reconciliation  Reparation and material support

6. S OUTH A FRICA  The social work response to apartheid in the democratic transition  Acknowledgement and apology  Submission to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission  Transformation of social work practice  Inclusiveness  Developmental social work

7. A USTRALIA  Government apology for the Stolen Generation  Acceptance of responsibility  National Sorry Day  Australian Association of Social Workers  Acknowledgment and commitment to advocating for indigenous rights  Reconciliation movement  Indigenous language and culture preservation

8. C ANADA  2006 Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement  Apologies by government, churches and social workers  Reparations  Healing and commemoration  Truth and Reconciliation Commission  For survivors to testify and to educate the public

9. U NITED S TATES  Shared history with other former European colonies  Assimilation and boarding schools  Historical trauma  Social work responsibility  Prospects for decolonizing strategies?