1. Apology to residential school survivors
By: Rimsha Malik & Anchana Sivayoganathan

2. What are Residential schools?
Residential schools were operating in Canada since the 1870s to the 1990s
Residential schools were designed “to kill the Indian in the child”
The European settlers in Canada felt the Aboriginal’s culture was inferior and unequal
The government of Canada joined with churches to run and set up residential schools for Aboriginal (FNMI) children
The purpose of the Residential School System was to educate and assimilate Aboriginal people into the Canadian society

3. Residential schools
Attendance by Aboriginal children across Canada was mandatory, and failure to send children to residential school often resulted in the punishment of parents
federal government and churches operated over 130 residential schools across Canada with over 150,000 children (between ages 4 to16) attending these schools in total
only approximately 80,000 Residential School survivors today
Students were forbidden to speak their language or practice their culture, and were often severely punished for doing so

4. Residential Schools
The men and women who worked and ran the residential schools were violent and treated students inhumanely
victims of residential schools experienced physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse from the staff
Many students only received a sub-standard education, meaning they were in grade 5 when they reached the age of 18
Students were discouraged from continuing their education after they were sent away from residential school
The last residential school did not close until 1986

5. Long Lasting Impacts
When the students returned home, they felt like they didn’t belong in the Aboriginal culture or the mainstream Canadian culture ;resulted in poverty
Lack parenting skills and the nurturing of family
Long lasting and damaging effect on Aboriginal language, heritage and language
Mistreatment of Aboriginals also impacted their community by having higher rates of substance abuse, violence, crime and suicide

6. Stephen Harper Apologizes
On June 11, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologizes to the survivors of the residential schools. In the House of Commons in front of different Aboriginal leaders.
Stephen Harper said “The treatment of children in Indian Residential Schools is a sad chapter in our history.”

7. It is a primary source and the person who created it is unknown and it used in CBC news on May 16, The purpose was to show the life of children in schools. I choose this photo because it shows you the life of Aboriginal children at the residential school.

8. It is a primary source and the person who created it is unknown and it was used for Apihtawikosisan. The purpose is to show you the affects of the schools on Aboriginal children. I choose this photo because it is a powerful image showing you how much the schools changed the Aboriginal culture.

9. Quote
Stephen Harper stated: “The government now recognizes that the consequences of the Indian Residential Schools policy were profoundly negative and that this policy has had a lasting and damaging impact on Aboriginal culture, heritage and language. While some former students have spoken positively about their experiences at residential schools, these stories are far overshadowed by tragic accounts of the emotional, physical and sexual abuse and neglect of helpless children, and their separation from powerless families and communities.”
It is a primary source and Stephen Harper said it in his apology on June 11, The purpose was to apologize to the survivors of residential schools. I choose this quote because he acknowledges that residential schools was wrong and should have never been done.

10. Trailer: “We Were Children”
This trailer was released at the International Premiere at IDFA (International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam) The trailer was produced by Tom Wolochatiuk and the production company was the “National Film Board of Canada”. The purpose of the trailer was to give a sneak-peak of the movie. This emotional trailer shows the impact of the Canadian government’s residential school system and the lifestyle at residential schools narrated by two people. The trailer shows the narrator’s childhood to where they are now about 30 years later. “We Were Children” sheds a light to Canadians and informs them about the horrible experiences at residential schools. It also gives voice to a national tragedy that has been hidden for years. This connects to the official apology because it captures what happened that led to the apology. I selected this primary resource because this trailer gives an in depth visualization of what led to the apology.

11. Info Graphic
The person who created this info graphic is unknown but it was posted on the “TVO” website. The date is also unknown. The purpose of this info graphic is to show that Aboriginal poverty rates are more higher than other Canadians across Canada. It’s function is to show the timeline of the Aboriginal's dark journey from the 19th century to the 20th century and how the government tried fixing it in the 21st century. It’s connected to the official apology because it states it in the timeline for the year of I chose an info graphic because it shares both pictures and facts about Aboriginal poverty and it is easier to understand with the visualization.

12. Photograph
The person who took this image is unknown. The date this photo was published was on June 11,2008 at the House of Commons Chamber Ottawa, Ontario on the “Prime Minister of Canada Steven Harper” website. In this image, Steven Harper is giving his formal apology in front of many Aboriginal leaders . The apology was given on behalf of the Government of Canada, Steven Harper apologizes to those who were victims of the residential school systems and for causing long lasting damage on Aboriginal heritage, culture and language. This image’s function is to show the government’s sincere apology to the Aboriginals. I chose this image because it shows the image of the official apology and who were involved in it.

13. Timeline
1892: The churches and federal government are in agreement with the operation of residential schools

14. Timeline
1931: There were at least 80 residential schools across Canada

15. Timeline
1950: Aboriginal Culture survived after all the abuse

16. Timeline
1970: The residential schools transferred to Indian bands

17. Timeline
1986: The united church had apologized for its participation in residential schools

18. Timeline
1991: Phil Fontaine becomes first native person to publicly announce his story at school

19. Timeline
1993: Anglican Church had apologized for its participation in schools

20. Timeline
2007: Truth and reconciliation for residential schools is open

21. Timeline
2008: The government has apologized for the damage caused by residential schools

22. Image Credits for Timeline
3/3/2015
PLmjBE/s320/Elkhorn+Indian+Residential+School+%25E2%2580%2594+Elkhorn%252C+MB.jpg 3/3/2015
fc0a189.jpg 3/3/2015
3/3/2015
3/3/2015
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no_blank_slate_strahlwarns.jpeg.size.xxlarge.letterbox.jpeg 3/3/2015
_ORIGINAL.jpg?quality=80&size=320x&stmp= /3/2015

23. Image Credits for Title Page
10/residential-school-trial-ocvo.jpg?w= /3/2015
rchives/JAN%202011%20News/ _22 ed59f2cc.jpg 3/3/2015
cation.lskysd.ca/files/100_0156_0.JPG 3/3/2015

24. Image Credits for Primary Sources
Photograph 1: n/derivatives/16x9_620/hi-residential-schools-852.jpg 3/3/2015
Photograph 2: content/uploads/2012/03/rezschool-before-after1.jpg 3/3/2015
Photograph 3: blic/media/articles/PM-feature b.jpg?itok=R6TfdjLd 3/3/2015
Info graphic: 3/3/2015