1. Objective: Find and simplify the ratio of two numbers.
7.1 Ratio and Proportion
Objective: Find and simplify the ratio of two numbers.

2. Computing Ratios
If a and b are two quantities that are measured in the same units, then the ratio of a to b is a/b. The ratio of a to b can also be written as a:b. Ratios must be SIMPLIFIED. For instance, the ratio of 6:8 is usually simplified to 3:4. (You divided by 2)

3. Ex. 1: Simplifying Ratios
Simplify the ratios:
12 cm b. 6 ft c. 9 in.
4 cm ft in.

4. Ex. 1: Simplifying Ratios
Simplify the ratios:
12 cm b. 6 ft
4 m in
Solution: To simplify the ratios with unlike units, convert to like units so that the units divide out. Then simplify the fraction, if possible.

5. Ex. 1: Simplifying Ratios
Simplify the ratios:
12 cm
4 m
12 cm 12 cm 12 3
4 m ∙100cm

6. Ex. 1: Simplifying Ratios
Simplify the ratios:
b. 6 ft
18 in
6 ft 6∙12 in 72 in
18 in in. 18 in. 1

7. Ex. 3: Using Extended Ratios
The measures of the angles in ∆JKL are in the extended ratio 1:2:3. Find the measures of the angles.
Begin by sketching a triangle. Then use the extended ratio of 1:2:3 to label the measures of the angles as x°, 2x°, and 3x°.
2x°
3x° x°

8. Solution: Statement x°+ 2x°+ 3x° = 180° 6x = 180 x = 30 Reason
Triangle Sum Theorem
Combine like terms
Divide each side by 6
So, the angle measures are 30°, 2(30°) = 60°, and 3(30°) = 90°.

9. Using Proportions
An equation that equates two ratios is called a proportion. For instance, if the ratio of a/b is equal to the ratio c/d; then the following proportion can be written:
Means
Extremes
 = 
The numbers a and d are the extremes of the proportions. The numbers b and c are the means of the proportion.

10. Properties of proportions
CROSS PRODUCT PROPERTY. The product of the extremes equals the product of the means. If
 = , then ad = bc

11. Properties of proportions
RECIPROCAL PROPERTY. If two ratios are equal, then their reciprocals are also equal.
If  = , then =  b a
To solve the proportion, you find the value of the variable.

12. Ex. 5: Solving Proportions4 5
Write the original proportion.
Reciprocal prop.
Multiply each side by 4
Simplify. = x 7 4 x 7 4 = 4 5 28 x = 5

13. Ex. 5: Solving Proportions3 2
Write the original proportion.
Cross Product prop.
Distributive Property
Subtract 2y from each side. =
y + 2 y
3y = 2(y+2)
3y = 2y+4 y 4 =

14. Objective: To identify and apply similar polygons.

15. Identifying similar polygons
When corresponding angles of two polygons are congruent and the lengths of corresponding sides are proportional the two polygons are called similar polygons.
The symbol ~ is used to indicate similarity. So, ABCD ~ EFGH.

16. Similar polygons G F H E BC AB AB CD DA = = = = GH HE EF EF FG

17. Ex. 1: Writing Similarity Statements
Pentagons JKLMN and STUVW are similar. List all the pairs of congruent angles. Write the ratios of the corresponding sides in a statement of proportionality.

18. Ex. 1: Writing Similarity Statements
Because JKLMN ~ STUVW, you can write J  S, K  T, L  U,  M  V AND N  W.
You can write the proportionality statement as follows: JK KL LM MN NJ = = = = ST TU UV VW WS

19. Ex. 2: Comparing Similar Polygons
Decide whether the figures are similar. If they are similar, write a similarity statement.

20. SOLUTION:
As shown, the corresponding angles of WXYZ and PQRS are congruent. Also, the corresponding side lengths are proportional. WX 15 3 = = PQ 10 2 YZ 9 3 XY 6 3 = = = = RS 6 2 QR 4 2 WX 15 3 = =
So, the two figures are similar and you can write WXYZ ~ PQRS. PQ 10 2

21. Using similar polygons in real life
If two polygons are similar, then the ratio of lengths of two corresponding sides is called the scale factor. In Example 2 on the previous page, the common ratio of is the scale factor of WXYZ to PQRS. 3 2

22. Ex. 4: Using similar polygons
The rectangular patio around a pool is similar to the pool as shown. Calculate the scale factor of the patio to the pool, and find the ratio of their perimeters.
16 ft
24 ft
32 ft
48 ft

23. Because the rectangles are similar, the scale factor of the patio to the pool is 48 ft: 32 ft. , which is 3:2 in simplified form.
The perimeter of the patio is 2(24) + 2(48) = 144 feet and the perimeter of the pool is 2(16) + 2(32) = 96 feet The ratio of the perimeters is
16 ft
24 ft
32 ft
48 ft
144 3
, or 96 2

24. Theorem 8.1: If two polygons are similar, then the ratio of their perimeters is equal to the ratios of their corresponding parts.
If KLMN ~ PQRS, then
KL + LM + MN + NK =
PQ + QR + RS + SP KL LM MN NK = = = PQ QR RS SP

25. Ex. 1: Writing Proportionality Statements
In the diagram, ∆BTW ~ ∆ETC.
Write the statement of proportionality.
34° ET TC CE = = BT TW WB
79°

26. Ex. 1: Writing Proportionality Statements
In the diagram, ∆BTW ~ ∆ETC.
Find mTEC.
B  TEC, SO mTEC = 79°
34°
79°

27. Ex. 1: Writing Proportionality Statements
In the diagram, ∆BTW ~ ∆ETC.
Find ET and BE.
34° CE ET
Write proportion. = WB BT 3 ET
Substitute values. = 12 20
3(20) ET
Multiply each side by 20. =
79° 12 5 = ET
Simplify.
Because BE = BT – ET, BE = 20 – 5 = 15. So, ET is 5 units and BE is 15 units.