2. SPONCH What is SPONCH?

3. SPONCH S= Sulfur P= Phosphorus O= Oxygen N= Nitrogen C= Carbon H= Hydrogen 6 most important elements to life

4. Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass

5. Element Simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler kind of matter

6. Periodic Table of Elements Organized table of elements discovered so far Organized according to atomic structure and chemical characteristics

7. Atoms and Atomic Structure Atoms are the simplest form of an element that keeps all the properties of the element

8. Model of the Atom Parts of the atom: –Protons (+), Neutrons and Electrons (-) –Nucleus: central core of the atom that contains Protons Neutrons –Electrons orbit the nucleus

9. Determining Atomic Structure Using the Periodic Table Atomic number = # of protons and is smaller number by the symbol Atomic mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons Assume for now that protons =electrons

10. Practice Element# protons# neutrons# electrons hydrogen101 helium carbon oxygen sodium chlorine argon sulfur

11. Practice Element# protons# neutrons# electrons hydrogen101 helium222 carbon666 oxygen888 sodium111211 chlorine171817 argon182218 sulfur16

12. Types of Bonds COVALENT – strong bond between elements IONIC- attraction between elements due to opposite charges (weaker than covalent) HYDROGEN – weakest type of bond

13. Covalent Sharing of electrons to fill the valence shell Examples– methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

14. Ionic One element gains electrons becoming ____ The other element loses electrons becoming _____________ Opposites attract Ionic compounds Dissolve easily in water –EX. NaCl

15. Hydrogen bonds Caused by partial positive and negative charges Water is best example ﮦ - ﮦ +

16. How does salt dissolve in water? Na+ and Cl – Ions become attracted to the partial charges on water