1. Morality and the Web Jeroen van den Hoven Professor Ethics and Technology Delft University of Technology Scientific Director 3TU.Ethics The Hague

2. The Web is an Epistemic Success Criteria for success of an epistemic practice (Goldman, Thagard, e.a.) Speed  How quick do you get an answer to your question Power  The capability of an epistemic practice to get you answers at all Economy  The cost of getting an answer Fecundity  The number of people the practice can involve and reach at one time Reliability  The ratio of true beliefs to the total number of beliefs acquired re the topic of a question

3. Web Connectivity Communication Interaction Coordination Transaction

4. ICT Information Ubiquitous Pervasive Ambient Constitutive Confusing Value laden

5. ICT Constitutive Technology Not merely Enabling Constitutive ICT Shapes practices, discourses, institutions

6. Confused Democracy Trust Privacy Property Community Person Intelligence Life Democracy Work Health Friendship

7. IT: more confused Electronic Democracy E- Trust Informational Privacy Intellectual Property Cyber Community Digital Person Artificial Intelligence Artificial Life Digital Democracy Tele Work E- Health Net Friendship

8. Conceptual Vacuum “New Sort of Community” “New Sort of Privacy” “New sort of Trust” “New sort of Friendship” Conceptual Vacuum -  Policy Vacuum & Design Vacuum

9. Value Laden Technology

10. Bias in Search Engines

11. Torah Compliant (kosher) Search Engine

12. The Formula that Killed Wallstreet David X. Li's Gaussian copula function as first published in 2000. Investors exploited it as a quick—and fatally flawed—way to assess risk. Gamma The all-powerful correlation parameter, which reduces correlation to a single constant..

13. Values Built into Systems Interfaces Infrastructures Algorithms Ontologies Code Protocols Integrity constraints Architectures Identity Management Systems Authorization Matrix Procedures Regulations Incentive structures Auction mechanisms Voting mechanism Monitoring and inspection Governance arrangements

14. Designer is a choice architect

15. Value Sensitive Design ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY Values Norms Laws Ideals Code Architectures infrastructures Information Systems Ontologies Standards artifacts Express Implement Evaluate,Justify Audit Responsibility Privacy Accountability Agency Autonomy sustainability Computers Oiltankers Airplanes Reactors Roads Internet Electricity Grids Hospitals

16. The Web is also a bit of a Moral Success Emancipates Empowers Equalizes Enhances Accountability ………..

17. Some Moral Problems Cyberbullying Trolls Happy slapping Anorexia glorification Cybersuicide (pacts) Violent computer games Child Pornograph and Pedophilia

18. Exculpiating redescriptions Why did you do it? It was just…..no more than It was virtual…; it all seemed a bit unreal Because I could… It was private… It’s all new Everyone does it, no one told me it was wrong I don’t know I didn’t realize it caused so much grief I got further and further into it I became addicted

19. The Web and Moral Fog Added to the conceptual confusion common to new IT (“is this a friend?” Is this “a community”?) Moral Fog is created by the morally relevant features of the Web jointly EVIL ONLINE, Dean Cocking & Jeroen van den Hoven, Wiley Blackwell, 2011

20. Morally relevant features of the Web Cascades (availability, information, reputation) Daily me, informational/moral homogeneity Physical Isolation Domestication of Wrongdoing Anomimity; feeling of anonymity, hiding in the crowd Virtuality Blurred public private boundaries and blurred boundaries of social spheres; unclear jurisdiction Interpretative flexibility; problem of relevant descriptions Voluntariness of self-presentation; involuntariness in off-line emotional responses and reactive attitudes is morally significant; reliable signals of moral motivation

21. Moral Fog Banality of Moral Wrongdoing Wrongdoing is close, common Wrongdoers exploit ambiguity; Problem of relevant description

22. Situationism in Ethics Ethical behaviour to large extent dependent on situational and contextual factors Milgram Zimbardo Trolley-research

23. Ethics & Design We design Large Socio Technical Systems (e.g. SNS) We make moral mistakes in design; e.g. financial world, safety culture in oil industry. Ethics is in an important sense situational Moral development, education, guidance and character formation massively situated in Social Media Environments We have to (think about) design for moral development and flourishing on the Web