1. The New Deal FDR supported “bold, persistent experimentation”
Addressed 3 R’s (Reform, Recovery, Relief)
First New Deal consisted of 15 measures
FDR used “fireside chats” to communicate his programs to the American people
Dealt w/ banking crisis immediately
Declared a national bank holiday
Passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act
Restored confidence in banks
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Insured bank deposits up to $5,000

2. ***Hoped to stimulate economy***
Helped home owners & American farmers w/
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
Provided relief to the American people
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
Federal govt. provided $ for local and state welfare agencies to distribute to the increasing numbers of unemployed
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Provided jobs for young people
Helped develop parks & forests
***Hoped to stimulate economy***

3. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Would stabilize production, raise wages, limit working hours, provide new jobs, & establish decent working conditions
Antitrust laws were suspended
Workers allowed to organize & bargain collectively
Two agencies were created to oversee the act:
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Encouraged businesses to adopt codes for fair competition
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Provided jobs for unemployed workers
Built public works (bridges, schools, etc.)

4. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Paid farmers to grow less
Paid farmers to destroy crops/livestock
Money came from taxes on food processors
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
One of the largest New Deal measures
Workers built dams along TN River
Control flooding & created recreation areas
Provided electricity to homes & farms
Combat malaria, illiteracy, soil erosion
***Goal was to improve standard of living***

5. Supreme Court Opposition to the New Deal
People lost enthusiasm in the NRA
1935, Supreme Court ruled the NIRA & NRA unconstitutional
1936, Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional
Said taxes on food processors were illegal
Many Americans didn’t like the TVA, but the Supreme Court refused to strike it down
Both reflected opposition of Supreme Court to New Deal legislation

6. New Deal Equality Few New Deal programs were discriminatory
African Americans hired but were segregated
African Americans hired to serve in the federal govt.
Result of Eleanor Roosevelt---a champion of civil rights
Native Americans also suffered
Disease, malnutrition, inadequate housing, etc
Dawes Act had been unsuccessful
John Collier championed Indian reforms
Resulted in Indian Reorganization Act, 1934
Aimed to promoting & preserving Indian culture

7. New Deal Critics
Three individuals emerged to propose alternatives to FDR’s New Deal programs
Father Charles Coughlin – radio priest urged the govt. to nationalize all banks & return to the silver standard
Huey “Kingfish” Long – proposed a relief program called Share-Our-Wealth
Would take money from the rich & give to the poor so all could have a set income & a home
Dr. Francis Townsend – wanted a govt. pension of $200/month paid to every American 60 years old or more w/ condition it had to be spent in 30 days
Would pump money into the economy
Would open new jobs for younger Americans

9. The Second New Deal
FDR responded to criticism of his administration w/ the Second New Deal
Programs were more long term in scope
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Provide jobs & to get money into circulation
Variety of construction projects: hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, & airports
Social Security Act, 1935
Provided unemployment insurance
Provided pensions to retired workers 65+
Provided payments to workers w/ disabilities, the elderly, widows & their children

10. Election of 1936 FDR re-elected in 1936 Reform the Supreme Court
Some programs were declared unconstitutional
Wanted to appoint one new justice for every justice over age 70
Proposed “court packing” looked like move toward dictatorship to many
1938, many people began blocking many of his reforms
Believed he was gaining too much power
Turning their attention toward events in Asia & Europe
Significance of FDR’s New Deal
Increased the size & scope of the federal govt.
Gave the govt. a much larger role in the economy
People came to expect the govt. to help out when they became victims of economic conditions

12. New Deal Programs
Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the New Deal: CCC, TVA, AAA, FERA, NRA, FDIC, PWA, CWA, SEC, Emergency Banking Relief Act, NIRA, HOLC, FCA
Explain specific actions taken by many to combat New Deal programs.
Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the Second New Deal: WPA, NLRB, Banking Act, Resettlement Act, Social Security Act, REA, CIO, National Housing Act, Farm Security Administration, Fair Labor Standards Act