1. Broadcasting for mobile receivers
DOCUMENT #:
GSC14-GRSC7-009R1
FOR:
Information
SOURCE:
ARIB
AGENDA ITEM:
4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast & Multicast
CONTACT(S):
Broadcasting for mobile receivers
Geneva, July 2009

2. Highlight of Current Activities (1)
Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan
On December 1, 2003, Japan launched Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system.
ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT.1306.
ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM and time interleaving.
One-Seg
One-segment services for mobile receivers (called “One-Seg”) can be provided simultaneously with one 6MHz TV channel, in addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV).
On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan.
More than 55 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so far.
Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market.
One-Seg is provided free of charge.
to slide 8,9
Geneva, July 2009

3. Highlight of Current Activities (2)
BST-OFDM technology
NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BST-OFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996.
ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments.
The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers.
Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12 segments using 64QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg with 1 segment using QPSK.
Example of Information bit rate is Mbps (for HDTV) and 416kbps (for One-Seg).
Features of One-Seg
Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric Program Guide (EPG) are transmitted in One-Seg.
One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal.
to slide 10,11
Geneva, July 2009

4. Strategic Direction Termination of Analog TV services Digital Radio
Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in Japan by July 2011.
By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are scheduled to be terminated.
At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital TV broadcasting.
Digital Radio
Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October 2003.
Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies.
DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission.
ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for DR.
to slide 12,13
Geneva, July 2009

5. Challenges Recent topics in One-Seg Research & Development in One-Seg
Independent program service
It is possible to broadcast independent program (non-simultaneous program to 12 segments) service in One-Seg from April 2008 by legal changes.
NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for sports programs.
NHK started independent One-Seg service using educational channel in April 2009.
Multi-channel service
It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg.
TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they broadcast multi-channel service in June 2008.
Research & Development in One-Seg
NHK has been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System.
NHK has been developing automatic activation of One-Seg receivers by the EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) . (See slide 17, 18)
Geneva, July 2009

6. Next Steps/Actions VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination
Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370MHz to 240MHz.
VHF Low (18MHz) & VHF High (14.5MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting services. (e.g., Mobile Multimedia broadcasting)
Mobile Multimedia broadcasting
There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers with VHF Low & VHF High.
VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area.
ISDB-TSB is now under consideration for new services.
VHF High will be used for a new nationwide area multimedia service. And ISDB-Tmm (Mobile Multimedia) is now under development for it’s services.
One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM technology.
It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011.
ARIB is now preparing for the new services for multimedia broadcasting.
to slide 14,15
Geneva, July 2009

7. Supplemental Slides
Geneva, July 2009

8. Shipments of receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV in Japan / One-Seg -
million
Shipments of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner
More than
50 million
One-seg receivers
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, NHK
Digital terrestrial broadcasting
12/2003
One-Seg service
4/2006
*1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 117 million, 7/2008 )
*2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number of Mobile phone: 107 million, 4/2009 )
Geneva, July 2009

9. One-Seg receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg -
to slide 3
Car Navigators
Mobile Phones
PCs with One-Seg
Portable Dictionary
Portable Games
USB type One-Seg tuners
(From Homepage)
Portable Players
Geneva, July 2009

10. 12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg -
13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz
HDTV
12 Segments
12 Segs
1 Seg
On-air program
1 Segment
Data service
(6/14 MHz)
64QAM
FEC = 3/4
(16.851Mbps)
QPSK
FEC = 2/3
(416kbps)
Geneva, July 2009

11. Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg -
to slide 4
Broadcasting
Convergence
Communications
Watch TV
TV & Data
TV & Internet
Internet
Broadcasting station
Broadcasting station
BML
BML
BML, HTML
Watching TV program
on full screen
Watching TV program and reading data on TV
Watching TV program and reading data on the Internet
Viewing or reading
on the Internet
Geneva, July 2009

12. Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio -
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
will be over
7/2011
Analog SD
Terrestrial
12/2003
Digital
One-Seg
4/2006
will be over
7/2011
Analog SD
Satellite
was over
9/2007
Analog HD
Digital
12/2000
Test transmission
Digital Radio
10/2003
24/7/2011
Geneva, July 2009

13. ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio) - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio -
13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz
ISDB-TSB
(Sound Broadcasting)
to slide 5
Digital Radio
test transmission
started in 10/2003
(8 segments, VHF 7ch)
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
1 Seg
1 Segment
ハイビジョン
3 Segments
Video　※
TS1
TS2
Data service
QPSK
FEC = 2/3, GI = 1/16
(440kbps)
Image
1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB
※　NHK started video services in July 2008.
Geneva, July 2009

14. Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -
90-108MHz
1～3ch
MHz
4～12ch
MHz
13～62ch
Now
Analog TV
Broadcasting
Analog TV
Broadcasting
Analog TV Broadcasting
Digital TV Broadcasting
18MHz
52MHz
300MHz
90-108MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
13～52ch
MHz
MHz
Future
Plan
(1)-a
(2)
(1)-b
Digital TV Broadcasting
(3)
(4)
18MHz
32.5MHz
14.5MHz
240MHz
10MHz
40MHz
(VHF Low)
(VHF High)
GB 5MHz
GB 5MHz
（GB 5MHz）
(1) Non TV Broadcasting
(2) Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc)
(3) Intelligent Transport Systems
(4) Telecommunications
Schedule plan
(1) (2) after July 25, 2011
(3) (4) after July 25, 2012
Geneva, July 2009

15. Digital TV Broadcasting
Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -
(VHF Low)
(VHF High)
18MHz
14.5MHz
Future
Plan
(1)-a
(2)
(1)-b
Digital TV Broadcasting
(3)
(4)
(1)-a Digital Radio broadcasting for Local block area
& Digital community broadcasting for small area
⇒ ISDB-TSB (advanced)
(1)-b Multimedia broadcasting for Nationwide area
⇒ ISDB-Tmm, MediaFLO
Digital Radio test transmission
Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting
2008
2013
2009
2010
2011
2012
Telecommunications Council Report
License policy
Selection of corporations
Multimedia Broadcasting
ARIB Standard, Technical Report
Geneva, July 2009

16. An image of VHF Low service
Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -
to slide 6
・The Telecommunication Council is examining the technical
condition of multimedia broadcasting that will use VHF Low & High.
・ VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area.
・ VHF High will be used for nationwide area.
・ In February, 2008, 17 companies or corporations (NHK, TOKYO FM, TBS R & C, FM OSAKA, FM802, Nippon Broadcasting System, etc) established the organization "VL-P ". (More than 110 organizations join "VL-P " now.)
・ "VL-P " aims at drafting of ARIB Technical report and clarification of service image.
・The difference of Digital Radio (which is now broadcasted as a test) and Digital Radio (which will be broadcasted) is as follows.
30fps Video (QVGA, MPEG-4 AVC/H.264)
5.1 surround Audio
Multi-channel programs
Contents download, etc
・There is a subject to clear sharing condition with Analog FM Radio (76-90MHz).
・ It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011.
An image of VHF Low service
Geneva, July 2009

17. Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System - Research & Development in One-Seg -
・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg
　signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters
　and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different
　from any of the receiving channels.
・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer
　community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to
　One-Seg services from every broadcaster.
ch1
Connected One-Seg
re-transmission system
Combines only One-Seg signals
ch9
ch10
ch11
ch12
ch13
ch8
ch4
ch6
ch3
ch5
6MHz
ch7
Air
Re-transmission
Frequency
aboveground
underground
ch2
ISDB-T
Community One-Seg signals
ch9-13
Geneva, July 2009

18. Prototype of EWS adaptor
Automatic Activation of Receivers by EWS - Research & Development in One-Seg -
・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when
　a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami.
・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver.
・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg
　activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the
　prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging.
・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg
　service, four carriers transmit the activation flag
　for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing
　this to all four carriers, from the previously used
　two carriers that transmitted the activation flag
　signal, improved reception sensitivity without
　increasing power consumption.
・NHK will work toward the actual implementation
　of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS
　reception function.
Prototype of EWS adaptor
Geneva, July 2009

19. Electric Program Guide
12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology -
Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting
12 Segments
1 segment
Mode
Mode 3
Reception
Fixed (Mobile)
Mobile
Modulation
64QAM
QPSK
Code ratio
3/4
2/3
Guard interval
1/8 (126  s)
Bit rate
16.851Mbps
416kbps ※1
Video coding
MPEG-2 (30fps)
H.264 (15fps)
16:9(320×180), 4:3(320×240)
Audio coding
MPEG-2 AAC
MPEG-2 AAC+SBR ※2
Data broadcasting
BML (XHTML) A Profile
BML (XHTML) C Profile
Electric Program Guide OK
(Now + Next + 8days)
(Now + Next + 8programs)
Closed caption
Copy control
Yes
CAS No
※1 Example: Video (224kbps), Audio (55kbps), Data (80kbps), Closed caption (5kbps), EPG (20kbps), Control (32kbps)
※2 Spectral Band Replication
Geneva, July 2009

20. Configuration of Digital transmission - BST-OFDM technology -
12 segs
12 segs
Source coding
Channel coding
12 segs
Video
Video coding
Audio
Audio coding
Energy dispersal
Delay compensation
Byte interleave
Inner code
Bit interleave
Mapping
Data/EPG
Data/ EPG coding
Layer synthesis & rate conversion
Conditional Access
Multiplexing
TS Re-Mux
Outer code (RS)
Hierarchical separation
Time interleave
Frequency interleave
1 seg
1 seg
Source coding
Video
Video coding
Energy dispersal
Delay compensation
Byte interleave
Inner code
Bit interleave
Mapping
Audio
Audio coding
Data/EPG
Data/ EPG coding
1 seg
D/A
Up converter
Power Amp
Antenna
Pilot
OFDM frame configuration
IFFT
Guard interval addition
TMCC
Aux channel
Geneva, July 2009

21. Basic transmission parameters
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
No. of OFDM segments 13
Bandwidth
5.575 MHz
5.573 MHz
5.572 MHz
Carrier interval
3.968 kHz
1.984 kHz
0.992 kHz
No. of carriers
1405
2809
5617
Modulation system
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
Effective symbol length
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
Guard-interval length
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
No. of symbols per frame
204
Time interleave
Maximum 4 values: 0, about 0.13, 0.25, 0.5 sec
Frequency interleave
Intra-segment or inter-segment interleaving
Inner code
Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
3.65 Mpbs Mbps
Hierarchical transmission
Maximum 3 levels
Geneva, July 2009

22. ARIB Standards, ITU-R Recommendations
ARIB Standards and ITU-R Recommendations for ISDB-T
Geneva, July 2009

23. Digital Radio - Digital Radio -
Tokyo area
Osaka area
Digital Radio receiver (KDDI)
(About 1.8 million receivers, 6/2008)
2.4kW
240W
DRP homepage
Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7). Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies.
Digital Radio uses BST-OFDM technology (ISDB-TSB). It is possible to send up to 13 independent programs including video and data in 6MHz. ISDB-TSB is recommended in ITU-R BS.1114.
< Example parameters of Digital Radio >
Audio
Video
Data
EPG etc
144bps
180kbps
64kbps
52kbps
440kbps
Main
Main + Sub3
36kbps
36kbps
36kbps
36kbps
180kbps
64kbps
52kbps
440kbps
Geneva, July 2009
Main
Sub1
Sub2
Sub3

24. Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-TSB)
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital radio broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
OFDM segments
1 Seg
3 Segs
Bandwidth
432.5kHz
1.289MHz
430.5kHz
1.287MHz
429.5kHz
1.286 MHz
Carrier interval
3.968 kHz
1.984 kHz
0.992 kHz
No. of carriers
109
325
216
649
433
1297
Modulation system
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
Effective symbol length
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
Guard-interval length
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
No. of symbols per frame
204
Time interleave
Maximum 5 values
Frequency interleave
Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 3Segs) interleaving
Inner code
Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
kpbs – kbps
Hierarchical transmission
Maximum 2 levels
Geneva, July 2009

25. Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-Tmm)
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
OFDM segments
13 to 33#1 segments
Bandwidth
6000 / 14 * n kHz
Carrier interval
3.968 kHz
1.984 kHz
0.992 kHz
No. of carriers
108 * n +1
216 * n + 1
432 * n + 1
Modulation system
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
Effective symbol length
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
Guard-interval length
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
No. of symbols per frame
204
Time interleave
Maximum 4 values
Frequency interleave
Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 13Segs) interleaving
Inner code
Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
280.85* n kbps – * n kbps
Hierarchical transmission
Maximum 3 levels for 13 segment part
n : number of segment
#1: case of Japan
Geneva, July 2009 25 25

26. ISDB-T mm (mobile multimedia) system
ISDB-Tmm transmission signal
13 to 33 segment , Channel Bandwidth : 6000 / 14 * n kHz
13 segment part
1 segment part
Example of the ISDB-Tmm compliant receivers with ISDB-T (13 segment) and ISDB-Tsb (1 segment ) demodulator.
Partial reception of 13 seg part or 1 seg part
Multi-Channel real-time and non real time services such as audio / video clips, e-books, etc.
Geneva, July 2009