1. Non-Mendalian Genetics

2. In a plant, long stems are dominant (L) to short stems (l)
In a plant, long stems are dominant (L) to short stems (l). If a homozygous dominant flower and a homozygous recessive plant are crossed, what would be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

3. Science Fact of the Day

4. CO: LO:

5. REMEMBER: Mendel’s principles form the basis of the modern science of genetics. The inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by specific segments of DNA called genes. Genes are passed from parents to their offspring.

6. Today we’re going to talk about a special case: sex-linked traits
Remember: Each person inherits an X chromosome from mom and either an X or a Y from dad
We use the letters X and Y to represent chromosomes (not alleles)

7. What do you think a “sex-linked” trait is? Examples?

8. Sex-linked traits
Are traits that are determined by either the Y or X chromosome
If they are determined by the Y chromosome they are referred to as “Y-linked”
Y-linked disorders are very rare and often cause infertility in men
If they are determined by the X-chromosome they are referred to as “X-linked”

9. X-linked dominant
These conditions (such as vitamin D resistant rickets) are rare and can affect both men and women
Men are more affected than women
Both men and women can pass on the affected chromosome to their children

10. In 18 words summarize these two diagrams.

11. X-linked recessive
These disorders (such as hemophilia and color blindness) more frequently affect men than women
Both men and women can pass these traits on to their children (at different rates)
An affected man/unaffected woman will have sons who are unaffected and daughters who are carriers
An affected woman/unaffected man will have a 50% chance of passing the trait. If she passes on her affected X chromosome, then her daughters will be carriers and her sons will be affected
This is why men are more likely to be color blind than women

13. How could you find out the chances that you have hemophilia running in your family?

14. Pedigree chart: a chart that shows relationships within a family.

15. Let’s practice Pedigree Worksheet together
Flip knob—create your own pedigree chart

16. Bellwork: January 7
Complete the Flipnob activity you started yesterday.
Copy the pedigree below. You must show who has freckles by shading and label each person with their genotype.
Grandpa
Grandma
David
Fred
Mickey
Elizabeth
Wilma
Michelle
Monica
Barney
John
Sonny
Krista
Janet

17. CO: I will predict genetic outcome using non-Mendelian inheritance
CO: I will predict genetic outcome using non-Mendelian inheritance. LO: I will draw a pedigree chart. I will write notes and answer questions.

18. Types of Inheritance
Mendelian: genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
----- dominant or recessive; flower color
Sex-linked: genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
-----X-linked recessive; colorblindness
Co-dominance: both alleles contribute to the phenotype equally (ex. Blood type)
Incomplete dominance: when the presence of both alleles leads to a blending of traits (ex. Red flower + white flower = pink flower)
Polygenic: when a trait is controlled by multiple alleles

19. Co-dominance
When the genotype is heterozygous, then both traits will show up equally
Note: when writing we show this with two different capital letters

21. Incomplete Dominance
When the genotype is heterozygous, then the trait will be a blend of the two alleles
Note: Sometimes, we write this by using an abbreviation of the trait in a capital letter (C =color) and the alleles as a superscript (CR = red flower) or subscript (CR).
Sometimes, we just say the heterozygous trait is a blend.

23. Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple genes control the inheritance of traits

24. Both genes and the environment determine how traits are expressed in a population

25. Rest of the Day
Vocab Strips: Read and sort the vocabulary words and definitions (use the pictures to help!)
Questions on the next slide.
Homework:
“What is Evolution?” by Stated Clearly
Watch video and write 3 facts you learned and 3 questions to share tomorrow in class.

26. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
In rabbits, white coat color (CW) and black coat color (CB) are codominant, and both of these alleles are dominant over albino (c); heterozygotes (CWCB) are spotted.
1. Draw a Punnett Square that shows the genotypes of the offspring from a heterozygous black-coated rabbit and a homozygous white-coated rabbit?
Mrs. PigglyWiggly is a carrier of the sex-linked hemophilia allele, and Mr. PigglyWiggly is normal (as far as blood chemistry goes).
2. Draw a Punnet square that shows the theoretical genotypes among their children.

27. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Spongebob loves growing flowers for his gal pal, Sandy. She loves the Poofkin flowers—red, purple, and blue! Interestingly enough, the Poofkin flowers display incomplete dominance in their genes for color.
1. Using “R” for red and “B” for blue, what would be the genotypes for the following phenotypes?
red: ______ purple: _____ blue: _____
2. Complete a Punnett square for a red Poofkin and a purple Poofkin.