1. By Ann Wielenberg

2.  “Nemo”  6 year old Gelding  Leopard Appaloosa  1 of 5 horses in family  Loose on 10 acres with a small stream running through the property  Has not had vaccines in a few years

3.  Fed on pasture, alfalfa and oats  Open shed available for shelter  Hasn’t been coming out of the shed to eat during the day, will only come out at night  Has puffy, watering eyes and is squinting. Has red blood vessels at the sides of the eye, is shaking his head, runny nose, eye boogers, rubbing the eyes, clouding of the cornea, running into side of shed  Symptoms and behavior only notice in this horse and not other 4

4.  Upon physical examination vitals were all within normal limits  Body condition: Slight weight loss from in- appetance  Coat: Normal  Motion: Normal  Feet: No problems found

5.  Head: upon exam of eyes Inflammation of the eyes Discoloration of iris Constriction of pupils Clouding of the cornea Discharge from the eye Bleeding in the eye Horse had balance issues Horse spooked easily when approached

6.  Allergies: allergy testing  Corneal ulcers: flourescene dye  Conjunctivitis: opthalmoscope  Glaucoma: tonometer  Foreign bodies: opthalmoscope  Examine eye lids: topical anesthetic  Trauma: ocular ultrasound  ERU (Equine Recurrant Uveitis) – Serum for titration for Leptospirosus

7.  After a full exam of the eyes using above tests all other possibilites ruled out.  A serum sample send in indicated Leptospirosis and other bacteria. Tested for lepto and other bacteria.

8.  Topical steroid ointments: To help decrease inflammation and minimize the immune-mediated response.  Topical NSAIDS: Help decrease inflammation.  Topical atropine ointment: To dilate the pupil which decreases pain.  Systemic NSAIDS: To help decrease inflammation.  Systemic corticosteroids: A more potent method of calming the inflammatory response

9.  Can be caused by bacteria, viral, parasites or traumatic injury.  Horse has bacterial lepto and ERU  For Nemo, start with deworming (Ivermectin) & Antibiotics (Bute)  To help with prevention: can’t prevent completely but vaccines & dewormer  Relocate horse