1. NNN07 - 04/10/07 1 MEMPHYS MEgaton Mass PHYSics Detector N. Vassilopoulos / LAL on behalf of MEMPHYS Collaboration without LAGUNA aspects (L.Mosca) without R&D on PMTs (J.E. Campagne) without Fréjus Site aspects (M. Russo) emphasis: software developments and MEMPHYNO prototype design

2. NNN07 - 04/10/072  underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France  total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs readout : ~3 x 81k 12″ PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20″ PMTs) readout : ~3 x 81k 12″ PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20″ PMTs)  possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton  underground water Cherenkov at Fréjus (Alps), Modane, France  total fiducial mass: 440 kton or 550 kton: 3 or 4 cylindrical modules 65X65 m size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs size limited by light attenuation length (λ~80m) and pressure on PMTs readout : ~3 x 81k 12″ PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20″ PMTs) readout : ~3 x 81k 12″ PMTs, 30% cover (# PEs = 40%cover with 20″ PMTs)  possibility of an additional shaft for Liquid Argon and/or liquid scintillator detector of 100kton http://2www.apc.univ- paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/MEMPHYS/ arXiv: hep-ex/0607026 Contacts: J.E. Campagne and M. Mezzetto 65m 60m MEMPHYS: Underground Laboratory and Detector Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane

3. NNN07 - 04/10/073 MEMPHYS: Fréjus layout excavation will start in 2008 Excavation reaches near current Lab. 2013

4. NNN07 - 04/10/074 MEMPHYS: Fréjus schedule 2007201220172020 depends of course on LAGUNA (European decisions) and NNN world coordination

5. NNN07 - 04/10/075 MEMPHYS: Photodetection  12″ PMTs x ~80000 per shaft, 30% coverage  readout plan: ASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detector ASIC: readout integrated electronics circuit as close to detector operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT response operate with a common high voltage and thus need of variable gain to equalize PMT response high speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectron high speed discriminator to auto trigger on single photoelectron digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range and nano-second accuracy digitization of charge ADC & of time of arrival over 12 bits to provide large dynamic range and nano-second accuracy digital data out: power wires digital data out: power wires  PMm 2 R&D project: integrated circuit & complete module studies and construction Electronics as close as possible to PMTs voltages applied through the same cable sketch of 4x4 12 ″ PMTs module

6. NNN07 - 04/10/076 MEMPHYS: Physics  Proton decay  SuperNovae neutrinos core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe  SN trigger, star formation in the early universe  Diffuse SN core-collapse understanding, explore violent phenomena in the universe  SN trigger, star formation in the early universe  Diffuse SN  Neutrino Astrophysics   oscillation measurements with beams materiel taken from (see also for further details) A. Tonazzo’s talk at NOW06: MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics, MEMPHYS non oscillating Physics,http://www.ba.infn.it/~now/now2006/ materiel taken from J. E. Campagne et al., Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS oscillation project, JHEP04(2007)003

7. NNN07 - 04/10/077 MEMPHYS: Proton Decay

8. NNN07 - 04/10/078 MEMPHYS: SN rates at Mton detector

9. NNN07 - 04/10/079 MEMPHYS: “real time” movie of shock waves effects Fogli et al. hep-ph/0412046 0.4 Mton, galactic SN (10kpc) for invert beta decay

10. NNN07 - 04/10/0710 MEMPHYS: SN trigger

11. NNN07 - 04/10/0711 MEMPHYS: Difusse SN v’s

12. NNN07 - 04/10/0712 CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with beams  θ 13 discovery reach and sensitivity to CP Violation CERN Fréjus

13. NNN07 - 04/10/0713 βB beam’s ions/year reduced by 2: performance is strongly depended on ion production CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with  beams main results  discovery reach of sin 2 2θ 13 ≈ 5 x 10 -3 3σ irrespectively of the actual value of δ CP  max CP violation (for δ CP = π/2, 3π/2) can be discovered at 3σ down to sin 2 2θ 13 ≈ 2(9) x 10 -4 for βB (SPL) also, ATM + SPL/βB provides sensitivity to mass hierarchy at 2σ sin 2 2θ 13 >≈ 0.02-0.03

14. NNN07 - 04/10/0714 MEMPHYS: Mass Hierarchy from atmosperic  s If D-CHOOZ finds a non zero value for sin 2 2θ 13 then a megaton water cherenkov detector can make a distinction between the two hierarchies, R. Gandhi et al., hep-phy/07071723

15. NNN07 - 04/10/0715  Event Generator: NUANCE for beam, Atmospheric & Proton Decay NUANCE for beam, Atmospheric & Proton Decay  Simulation (based on Geant4): Interface with the OpenScientist v16r0 framework (G. Barrand/LAL- APC) provided using distribution kits including Geant4 & CLHEP & AIDA-IO implementation to RIO (also HDF5, XML)Interface with the OpenScientist v16r0 framework (G. Barrand/LAL- APC) provided using distribution kits including Geant4 & CLHEP & AIDA-IO implementation to RIO (also HDF5, XML) 3 modes of running in the same framework:3 modes of running in the same framework: Interactive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysis Interactive Viewing, Batch processing, AIDA_ROOT analysis event info from MC, primary + non-Optical photons track infosevent info from MC, primary + non-Optical photons track infos hits: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected (i.e. photo-cathod efficiency)hits: each PM maintain a list of arrival time of optical photons detected (i.e. photo-cathod efficiency) MEMPHYS: MC Present Status transparency by J. E. Campagne

16. NNN07 - 04/10/0716 10% de  Č 2km WC Geometry 1% de  Č 0.1% de  Č p m-m-m-m- g p 0  2g n m (2GeV) transparency by J. E. Campagne

17. NNN07 - 04/10/0717 1600ns  →  - →e - MEMPHYS v7 Interactive histogram to identify the e Michel optical photons… Only detected op. photons transparency by J. E. Campagne

18. NNN07 - 04/10/0718 MEMPHYS v7 atmospheric (1-10GeV) atmospheric (1-10GeV) transparency by J. E. Campagne

19. NNN07 - 04/10/0719 MEMPHYS: Simulation Studies for a small scale Prototype MEMPHYNO Thomas Patzak, Eddy Richard, Alessandra Tonazzo / APC-PARIS Jean-Eric Campagne, Nikos Vassilopoulos / LAL-ORSAY  purposes : full test of electronics and acquisition chain full test of electronics and acquisition chain trigger threshold studies trigger threshold studies self-trigger mode self-trigger mode  volume ~10 t  at least one matrix of 16 PMTs with DAQ system (developed by PMm 2 project, J.E.Campagne et al.)  install at APC, then at Fréjus lab: max available space: 3x3x3 m 3  tests with radioactive sources (monoenergetic, point-like) and cosmic muons (direction selected with hodoscope) on surface  measure background level @ underground site  MEMPHYS simulation & visualization code  2x2x2m³ water volume  2 different PMTs’ modules simulated at bottom side : 4x4 12in PMTs = ~35% coverage (for one side electron 10 MeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : centre muon 1 GeV, pz / p = -1, vtx : top centre pictures for detected optical photons

20. NNN07 - 04/10/0720 MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO e-, μ- studies # of PMTs per electron 10k per energy electrons generated at the detector’s centre with random direction PEs per PMTOPs’ arrival times e- E (MeV) 12.5510152025 PEs / MeV / el 0.21.11.51.71.81.81.8 X 6 (sides) 1.26.6910.210.810.810.8 MEMPHYS27.71010.911.111.211.1 Table: MEMPHYNO’s PEs per MeV per electron e- 20MeV μ- 1GeV muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1

21. NNN07 - 04/10/0721 best fit MEMPHYNO electrons 10 MeV : vertex finding  primary vertex fit based only on each PMT’s timing info: t i PMT = t i + TOF i => t i = t i PMT – TOF i, where TOF i = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates, where TOF i = (n / c) x D, D = distance between each PMT and grid’s coordinates  maximize estimator E a la SK to find the true vertex of electron : estimator for all grid points vs distance from true vertex best fit for the primary fit : 1.grid analysis (5cm spacing) in MEMPHYNO 2.good resolution for downwards electrons in x-y plane where is the PMTs’ module (shown) 3.resolution becomes worse as pz/p increases due to one PMTs’ module : best for perpendicular electrons electrons generated at the detector’s centre direction solid up to 45 0 around –z dashed up to 25 0 around –z direction solid up to 45 0 around –z dashed up to 25 0 around –z

22. NNN07 - 04/10/0722 MEMPHYNO muons 1 GeV light propagation effect of OPs : light propagation effect of OPs :  check correlation of PMT time with distance between muon’s exit point and detection PMT’s coordinates pz/p = -1 pz/p < 0  pz/p = -1 : later produced OPs are detected first  pz/p < 0 : relation not clean entry/exit: edges entry/exit: middle diagonal trajectory entry/exit: centre μ

23. NNN07 - 04/10/0723 MEMPHYNO simulation work  any detector layout parametrization and analysis  ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools one detector design example & plots by E. Richard Stagiaire @APC-PARIS  first steps towards event reconstruction & PID

24. NNN07 - 04/10/0724 MEMPHYS: conclusions, since NNN06  the physics case is still strong, some new studies  LAGUNA has been approved and will finance more site studies in Fréjus as well as further steps with analysis code and physics studies, in collaboration with LENA and GLACIER  the photodetector R&D is in progress (PMm 2 )  a new MC based in GEANT4 is in construction, studies in :  vertex finding  light propagation  a prototype MEMPHYNO is in the design phase to be constructed in 2008-2009. It will provide studies on:  DAQ  self triggering  threshold studies  work on simulation, mechanical design, PMT R&D at APC & LAL

25. NNN07 - 04/10/07 25 Thanks

26. 26 MEMPHYS: Fréjus feasibility study

27. NNN07 - 04/10/0727 MEMPHYS: Fréjus summary

28. NNN07 - 04/10/0728  search for p  e +  0 (3 showering event), efficiency ~ 43%  predictions:  p ~10 34 -10 36 yrs  bdg:   p > 1.6x10 33 yrs by SK   p > 1.6x10 35 yrs at 90% CL for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS by MEMPHYS MEMPHYS coverage 30% with 12”PMTs is equivalent to coverage 40% with 20”PMTs in terms of #PE. MEMPHYS relies on the study by UNO, adapting the results MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p  e +  0 H 2 O is best for this channel

29. NNN07 - 04/10/0729  search for p  K (K + below cherenkov threshold so the channel is detected via the decay products of K + ) K   monoenergetic  + 6.3 MeV prompt-  from capture K   monoenergetic  + 6.3 MeV prompt-  from capture K   +  0 with    K   +  0 with     predictions:  p ~3x10 33 -3x10 34 yrs   p > 2.3x10 33 yrs by SK   p ~ 2x10 34 yrs for 5Mt.yr by MEMPHYS MEMPHYS: Proton Decay, p  K H 2 O not as good as LAr, Lsint

30. NNN07 - 04/10/0730 MEMPHYS: SN ν in water Čerenkov detectors

31. NNN07 - 04/10/0731 MEMPHYS: SN and θ 13 information

32. NNN07 - 04/10/0732 MEMPHYS: SN neutronization burst

33. NNN07 - 04/10/0733 MEMPHYS: SN shockwave information

34. NNN07 - 04/10/0734 CERN-MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with beams sensitivity to the mass hierarchy

35. NNN07 - 04/10/0735 MEMPHYS: Oscillation measurements with beams sensitivity to octant of θ 23

36. NNN07 - 04/10/0736

37. NNN07 - 04/10/0737 MEMPHYS: MC analyses by J. E. Campagne

38. NNN07 - 04/10/0738 MEMPHYNO: muons 1 GeV  # of PMTs per muon, # of PEs per PMT, opticalphotons’ arrival times : blacksheet reflective blacksheet reflectivity=0 10k muons generated over the detector’s surface with pz / p = -1

39. NNN07 - 04/10/0739 MEMPHYNO further simulation work  any detector layout parametrization and analysis  ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools One detector example by E.Richard Stagiaire @APC

40. NNN07 - 04/10/0740 MEMPHYNO detector analysis tools for MEMPHYS/MEMPHYNO Plots by E.Richard Stagiaire @APC  first steps towards event reconstruction & PID V V

41. NNN07 - 04/10/0741 MEMPHYS: MEMPHYNO analyses & tools Analyses:  vertex finding for electrons  light propagation effects for muons Tools:  ring reconstruction and PMT analysis graphics tools