1. Kingdom Animalia – Part 2

2. Common Animal Phylum Remember our organization of species??? Kingdom
Class We are here!!
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Animal Phylums
There are around 30 to 40 different animal phylums (depending on the source you use), but we are only going to talk about 9 major groups:
1) Phylum Porifera “The Sponges”
2) Phylum Cnidaria “Jellyfish/Coral”
3) Phylum Platyhelminthes “The Flatworms”
4) Phylum Nematoda “The Roundworms”
5) Phylum Annelida “The Segmented Worms”
6) Phylum Mollusca “Think Seafood - Clams, Oysters”
7) Phylum Arthropoda “Insects”
8) Phylum Echinodermata “Starfish”
9) Phylum Chordata - What we consider “animals”

4. Phylum Porifera – “The Sponges”

5. Facts About Phylum Porifera
Examples: Sponges
Irregular body shape (no symmetry)
Lack body tissues
Sessile (don’t move) and found at the bottom of oceans/lakes
Most primitive animals
These species are hermaphroditic (have both male and female sex cells). Reproduce sexually by releasing these cells (only release one type at a time so they don’t fertilize eachother…think avoiding inbreeding!!)
Also reproduce asexually by budding (broken off pieces can grow into new species)
Lack nervous system, circulatory system, muscle tissue, etc .

6. Phylum Cnidaria – “Jellyfish, Coral”

7. Facts about Phylum Cnidaria
Examples: Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
Live in marine environment and some freshwater (hydra)
2 forms: free swimming and sessile
Have true tissues
Posses radial symmetry
2 germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm
Reproduce sexually (male and female) and some asexually (by budding)
Have nerve, muscle, and digestive tissues

8. Interesting Info on Cnidarians
Did you know…
Cnidarians capture food by shooting out specialized cells on their tentacles. These stinging cells can penetrate the skin of their prey or predators and inject toxic material. This material can then paralyze the target.
The sting of a jellyfish has claimed 2x the number of lives in Australia as compared to shark attacks!

9. Phylum Platyhelminthes – “Flatworms”

10. Facts about Phylum Platyhelminthes
Examples: Tapeworm, planarian, fluke
Live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats; many are parasites
Show bilateral symmetry, have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm) and lack a coelom (acoelomate)
Reproduction: Hermaphrodites, reproduce sexually with one another, can regeneration from small pieces (asexual)
Have true organs (simple ones for digestion and excretion)
Primitive brain with two nerve cords

11. Interesting Info on Platyhelminthes
Many of these species are parasites of humans.
One specific example is the tapeworm
Inside your body, a tapeworm can grow up to 7 meters long!!

12. The Tapeworm Diet The “Tapeworm Diet”???
Yep, apparently some diet extremist decided that eating tapeworm pills and infecting themselves with tapeworms would solve their weight woes….This is because the tapeworm will consume most of your food leaving you malnourished.
Luckily…this dangerous diet trend is banned in most countries….gross!!
It is also dangerous and leaves you with the disgusting task of getting rid of the tapeworm once you’ve reached your weight goal

13. Phylum Nematoda – “Roundworms”

14. Facts about Phylum Nematoda
Examples: Ascaris, Hookworm
Live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats; some are parasites
Free-living, small, and relatively harmless
Bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, pseudocoelomates (“false” coelom)
Reproduce sexually (separate sexes)
Digestive organs are present
Have a primitive brain and 2 nerve cords

15. Interesting Info on Phylum Nematoda
A small number of this group are human parasites
One example is Trichinosis. This is a disease causes by a roundworm parasite. The parasite can be found living in undercooked pork and transmitted to humans when we ingest it.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and later muscle aches, itching, fever, chills, and joint pain.
Roundworms are also common parasites of our pets (cats/dogs)

16. Phylum Annelida – “Segmented Worms”

17. Facts about Phylum Annelida
Examples: Earthworm, leeches
Live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats; a few are parasites
Show bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, and have a true coelom
This group of worms is “segmented” meaning it has repeating units. This is an advantage because it permits greater specialization (head, thorax, abdomen)
Reproduce sexually even though they are hermaphrodites
Have a simple circulation system and digestive organs
Nervous system includes an advanced brain, large nerve cord, and smaller nerve-like cells called ganglia

18. Phylum Mollusca – “Seafood”

19. Facts about Phylum Mollusca
Examples: Clam, oyster, octopus
Live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats
Have bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, and a true coelom
Reproduce sexually. Some are hermaphroditic and some have separate sexes (just male or female parts)
Have an open circulatory system
Filter-feeders
Primitive brain and light receptors

20. Phylum Arthropoda – “Insects”

21. Facts about Phylum Arthropoda
Examples: Crayfish, spider, mosquito
Found everywhere
Bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, have a coelom and undergo metamorphosis (change body form at different life stages i.e. caterpillar to butterfly)
Reproduce sexually…are either male/female
Open circulatory system
One-way digestive tube (with mouth and anus)
Have definite brain with 2 nerve cords

22. Importance of Arthropoda
One of the most successful groups of species
Insects are found everywhere…
There are over 750, 000 different species
Insects are needed to pollinate plants and grain crops
Also carry diseases (malaria and sleeping sickness)
Compete with humans for food…Billions of dollars every year are spent on insecticides to kill insects.

23. Phylum Echinodermata – “Starfish”

24. Facts about Phylum Echinodermata
Examples: Starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar
Found in aquatic habitats
Radial symmetry/3 germ layers/have a coelom
Reproduce sexually….separate male and female. Also able to regenerate (asexual reproduction). For example, a broken off piece of starfish can grow into a new starfish
Open circulatory systems
1 way digestive tube (separate mouth and anus)
Have nerve cords

25. Phylum Chordata – “Animals”

26. Facts about Phylum Chordata
Members of this phylum are known as the “vertebrates.” A vertebrate is an organism that has a backbone.
Only 5% of all known species belong in this group
Members of this group, at some point in their lives, all have a backbone, nerve cord, and gills
Examples: Whale, Humans, Dogs, Fish, Frog
What type of symmetry do they possess?
3 germ layers and a true coelom
Reproduce sexually….separate males and females
Complex heart and closed circulatory system
Large brain, protected by a skull, and advanced nervous system

27. Class Mammalia
There are many classes that belong to the phylum Chordata, but the most common to us is the Class Mamalia.
All members of this group are warm-blooded, air breathing, 4-legged vertebrates that are covered with hair and sweat glands.