1. Kingdom Animalia INVERTEBRATES: NO BACK BONE Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Mollusks

2. Sponges  Assymetrical: similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis  Freshwater or saltwater  Sessile – do not move  Filter feeders: filter food out of the water  Body covered with many pores (openings)

3. Sponges  All cells function independently  Some produce spicules: thin, spiny structures that form the endoskeleton  Some produce soft fibers as a skeleton These are the ones people use

5. Sponge Reproduction:  Asexually –budding  Sexually – joining of sperm and egg

6. Other Sponge Facts:  Sponges can regenerate – replace lost body parts through mitotic cell division.  Commercial sponge harvesting for personal care industry.  Used as medicines

7. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals  Radial Symmetry: similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis  Hollow central cavity with 1 opening called a mouth

8. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals  2 body types: Polyp: vase shape that doesn’t move Medusa: umbrella shape that moves around

9. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals  Mostly saltwater Corals Jellyfish Sea anemones Hydra

11. Cnidarian Movement  POLYP is sessile – does not move  MEDUSA is motile – squeezes bell (umbrella) to move uses simple ring of contractile tissue (not muscle tissue yet)

12. Feeding  Use tentacles to capture food.  Tentacles have NEMATOCYSTS – stinging cells that grab and immobilize prey using toxins.  Waste products and undigested materials are expelled through the mouth.

13. Organization  Nerve net – conducts impulses from all parts of the body.  No brain.  Two layers of tissues derived from endoderm and ectoderm

14. Cnidarian Reproduction  Asexually – budding (polyp form)  Sexually –produces egg and sperm

16. Flatworms - Platyhelminthes  Bilateral Symmetry: body the same on both sides  Acoelomate – no body cavity.

17. An Important Group  Free-living in freshwater or parasitic in a host  Many nasty parasitic infections. Dugesia Tapeworms Flukes

19. Flatworm Feeding  Free living flatworms are scavengers.  Parasitic flatworms use specialized structures (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

20. Respiration & Excretion  Excretion - Flame cells remove excess water  Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells directly.

21. Flatworm Nervous Systems  Primitive brain.  Eyespots: sensitive to light

22. Flatworm Reproduction  Sexually - Hermaphrodites – internal fertilization.  Asexually – fission – when damaged, regenerates new body parts.

23. Roundworms - Nematoda  Bilateral Symmetry  Free-living in soil or parasitic in a host  Pseudomate – false body cavity.  Movement - Longitudinal muscles produce a thrashing movement

24. Respiration & Excretion  Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells.  Digestive wastes are excreted through the anus.  Flame cells remove excess water through pores in body surface.

25. Roundworm Feeding  Have a simple digestive system.  Have a mouth and an anus  Parasitic roundworms use specialized structures called hooks and suckers to attach to a host.

26. An Important Group  Many nasty parasitic infections in humans, livestock Pinworms, Ascaris, hookworms, Trichinella

27. Segmented Worms- Annelida  Bilateral Symmetry  Body is divided into segments  Body covered with mucus to aid in movement  Have tiny setae (bristles) to pull it through the soil

28. Segmented Worms- Annelida  Have a closed circulatory system: all fluids are in tubes  Have a simple nervous system  Ex. Earthworm

29. MOLLUSKS  Soft bodied animals that have an inner and outer shell  They have a tube foot to: Open and close their shell Movement Bury themselves in the sand

30. MOLLUSKS  They have a head with a sense organ (like an eye)  3 Groups separated by shell characteristics Single or no shell 2- Shell Tentacled

31. Single or No Shell Mollusks  Ex. Slugs and snails  Also called gastropods  Radula: tongue that’s used to get food

32. 2-Shell Mollusks  Ex. Clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops  Also known as bivalves  Filter feed  If sand gets stuck for many years, it becomes a pearl

33. Tentacled Mollusks  Ex. Octopus, Squid, and nautiluses  Also known as cephalopods  Use tentacles to catch food