1. Soldier-Vehicle Integration: a TTCP Approach Michel B. DuCharme 1, Pierre Urgings 2, Mark Unewisse 2, Colin Mooney 3, James Carr 4 1 DRDC, Canada, 2 DSTO, Australia, 3 Dstl, UK, 4 AMSSA, USA. September 21-22, 2010 Château Cartier Gatineau, Que. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Human and Systems Integration Workshop

2. Overview of TTCP Land TP-2 Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration Land Systems Integration Laboratory (SIL): a TP-2 Vision in Development Conclusions OUTLINE

3. Overview of TTCP Land TP-2 TP-2: Land Systems Integration Provides a focus and mechanism to facilitate collaborative programs of work within the land systems and SoS integration domain, aimed at maintaining/enhancing the land force capability Focus Areas: Land Force Networking, Protection and Adaptability. The Technical Cooperation Program Australia - Canada - New Zealand - United Kingdom - United States of America

4. Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach Definition of terms: Integration: working seamlessly together; forming into one whole Adaptation: Improving the fit with the environment System of Systems (SoS): A complex meta-system exhibiting dynamic and emergent behaviours. The nature of the SoS problem space requires consideration of the technical, human/social, managerial, organizational, policy and political dimensions.

5. Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach Definition of terms: Integration: working seamlessly together; forming into one whole Adaptation: Improving the fit with the environment System of Systems (SoS): A complex meta-system exhibiting dynamic and emergent behaviours. The nature of the SoS problem space requires consideration of the technical, human/social, managerial, organizational, policy and political dimensions. There are tradeoffs to making a SoS more integrated, robust, resilient, flexible, responsive or agile (cost in efficiency + cost of adaptation). Yet when considering the long term costs of disruptions, risks are better managed and overall effectiveness is improved.

6. Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach The individual war-fighting elements will have been produced by: - a large number of separate projects; - supplied by a range of manufacturers and contractors; - focussing at optimizing the individual capabilities; - integration into a wider force is a secondary consideration. Other contributing factors to the integration challenge includes: - increasing complexity of individual land systems; - impact of COTS/MOTS acquisition processes; - acquisition in small, separate sub-components over a decade; - ongoing mixture of new and legacy capabilities. SoS integration can be addressed by considering systems integration as a non- linear space defined by 3 dimensions: system characteristics, sub-systems, scale. Land environment is composed of hundreds of nodes having a complex web of Interdependencies.

7. Land Systems Integration: a SoS Approach Systems integration trade space defined by the integration across the SI characteristics, conceptual sub-systems and the scale of the SoS.

8. Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study - Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection - Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration Objective of the study: Collect information on integration issues among the TTCP nations related to protection and networking between the dismounted soldiers and the vehicles. Methodology: Interviews were conducted late spring/early summer 2010 among the military and scientific communities of experts by 4 nations. In Canada, the following organisations were invited to participate: - DLR-3, DLR-5 - DSSPM - DLCSM - DAVM5-3 - DSTL 2, DSTL-5 - DRDC Valcartier, Suffield, Toronto, Ottawa

9. Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study - Integrated Soldier – Vehicle Protection Integration Issues raised (by category): - Physical integration of protected soldiers into vehicles (11) - Impact of differing roles of vehicle crew and passengers (4) - Dismounted soldier entry and exit from vehicles (3) - Turret layout and the helmet/fragmentation vest (2) - Ergonomics of the internal vehicle (6) - Medivac in vehicles (2) - Exposed crew and protection (2) - Thermal loading and protection (2) - Impact of protection countermeasures (5) - Enhance force protection training (1) - Soldier-vehicle network integration (4) - Use of remote/autonomous vehicles (3) - Acquisition approaches (4) - Vehicle related integration issues (5) - Soldier related integration issues (5) Report: Urlings P, Unewisse M, DuCharme MB, Mooney C, Carr J. Integrated Soldier- Vehicule Protection. TTCP Technical Report TR-LND-TP2-002-2010, 2010.

10. Soldier – Vehicle Integration Study - Networked Soldier – Vehicle Integration Integration Issues raised (by category): - Soldiers as crew within the vehicle (8) - Soldiers as passengers in infantry transport vehicles (9) - Integration of dismounted soldiers with infantry transport vehicles (10) - Integration of dismounted soldiers with other combat/support vehicles (9) - Integration of dismounted soldiers with vehicle controlled UAVs/UGVs and sensor arrays (1) -Integration of dismounted soldiers controlled UAVs/UGVs with vehicles (3) Report: Urlings P, Unewisse M, DuCharme MB, Mooney C, Carr J. Networked Soldier- vehicle Integration. TTCP Technical Report TR-LND-TP2-001-2010, 2010.

11. Land SIL: a TP-2 Vision in development Objectives: 1- Identify activities, existing capabilities and best practices in TTCP nations; 2- Propose a vision for a distributed (i.e. multi-national, multi-sites, multi-laboratories) and multidisciplinary (sensors, weapons, protection, C4ISR, human factors, etc.) land system integration capacity exploiting a combination of virtual, simulated and real assets.

12. Conclusions There is considerable challenges (100 were identified by our study) to be addressed in the integration of soldier-vehicle protection and networking. There is a substantial need for a SoS approach to achieve protection and networked soldier-vehicle integration that is adaptable. There is a need to develop tools and analysis techniques to support evaluation of alternative concepts and designs in a SoS context. An approach proposed by TP-2 is the development of a multinational and distributed System Integration Laboratory for land systems.