1. Trends in inequalities Richard Berthoud Institute for Social and Economic Research University of Essex Equality and Diversity Forum/Runnymede Discrimination and Disadvantage: narrowing the gap 10 March 2009

2. Choice Economic identity Disadvantage Discrimination Inequality “Employment penalties”

3. Trends in the age employment penalty

4. Trends in the disability employment penalty

5. Employment penalties of women without children, and of single men, compared with partnered men.

6. Employment penalties of women with children, compared with partnered men

7. Ethnic employment penalties: 1

8. Ethnic employment penalties: 2

9. Ethnic employment penalties: 3

10. Employment rates, by number of disadvantages

12. Non-employment rates: 1974-2003

13. Redistributing personal jobs Stay out of work5.4 million Exit work2.1 million Enter work2.1 million Remain in work22.8 million