1. Nez Perce Tribe Woodstove Study & Changeout Johna Boulafentis Environmental Outreach Specialist Environmental Restoration and Waste Management

2. Study Overview 16 participating households 16 participating households Used old woodstove as primary source of heat Used old woodstove as primary source of heat Non-smoking, tribal member homes in Kamiah and Lapwai Non-smoking, tribal member homes in Kamiah and Lapwai Asthmatic child between ages of 6 and 17 Asthmatic child between ages of 6 and 17 Sampling before/after changeout Sampling before/after changeout Ambient PM 2.5 mass Ambient PM 2.5 mass Indoor PM 2.5 levels and chemical Indoor PM 2.5 levels and chemical markers of woodsmoke Woodstove changeout Woodstove changeout Outreach and education Outreach and education

3. Ambient Monitoring Utilized existing network Utilized existing network PM2.5 TEOM PM2.5 TEOM Met Site: temperature, RH, precipitation, wind speed Met Site: temperature, RH, precipitation, wind speed EPA PM 2.5 standards EPA PM 2.5 standards 24/hr is 35 μg/m 3 24/hr is 35 μg/m 3 Annual is 15 μg/m 3 Annual is 15 μg/m 3

4. Indoor Sampling Equipment Equipment DustTrak (Model 8520) DustTrak (Model 8520) Leland Sampler / Personal Environmental Monitor (PEM) with a quartz filter Leland Sampler / Personal Environmental Monitor (PEM) with a quartz filter Sampled for 24-hour period,1 to 5 sample days Sampled for 24-hour period,1 to 5 sample days Intern sampling duties Intern sampling duties Participant responsibilities Participant responsibilities

5. Indoor Sampling Equipment DustTrak PEM Leland (inside)

8. From Old to New

9. Indoor PM 2.5 Mass Comparisons

10. PM2.5 and OC/EC/TC (Homes with Complete Datasets) Median PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) Minimum PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) Maximum PM 2.5 (µg/m 3 ) OC (µg/m 3 ) EC TC (µg/ m 3 ) Pre Changeout 21.6±57.55.0±6.6254.0±731.116.9±15.30.3±0.417.2±15.5 Post Changeout 18.4±54.14.0±13.4145.0±278.313.4±11.00.7±0.414.0±11.3 Difference -15%-20%-43%-21%+120%-19%

11. Chemical Markers of Woodsmoke (Homes with Complete Datasets) Levoglucosan (ng/m 3 ) Dehydroabietic acid (ng/m 3 ) Abietic acid (ng/m 3 ) Vanillin (ng/m 3 ) Acetovanillone (ng/m 3 ) Guaiacol (ng/ m 3 ) 4- Ethylgua iacol (ng/m 3 ) PreChangeout 645.1±1315. 3 113.0±147.711.3±118.70.5±2.30.3±9.2 0.9±256. 0 0.8±0.8 PostChangeout238.1±310.10.3±37.141.5±40.30.5±4.40.3±0.00.3±0.40.1±0.4 Difference-63%-100%+267.0% No Change -62%-92%

12. PM2.5 Mass Following Outreach/Education 2412.0 322.7

13. Challenges Sampling equipment malfunctions Sampling equipment malfunctions Distance to Kamiah from Lapwai Distance to Kamiah from Lapwai Homeowner Homeowner Learning curve with new stove Learning curve with new stove Paperwork, no shows Paperwork, no shows Selecting 4 new homes mid-study Selecting 4 new homes mid-study Woodstove business & installer Woodstove business & installer Distance (~200 miles away) Distance (~200 miles away) 2 nd round of installations delayed two months due to snow 2 nd round of installations delayed two months due to snow Attitude/not vested in the community Attitude/not vested in the community

14. Outcomes/Successes Partnerships & intern participation Partnerships & intern participation Reduced ambient PM2.5 in each community Reduced ambient PM2.5 in each community Reduced indoor levels Reduced indoor levels PM 2.5 levels by 52% PM 2.5 levels by 52% Levoglucosan by 63% Levoglucosan by 63% 16 tribal homes with EPA certified stoves 16 tribal homes with EPA certified stoves New stoves “burned off” before change out New stoves “burned off” before change out Old stoves recycled Old stoves recycled Installation inspection and training Installation inspection and training Outreach and Education Outreach and Education

15. Acknowledgements EPA EPA University of Montana University of Montana Northwest Indian College, Nez Perce Tribe Distance Learning Centers Northwest Indian College, Nez Perce Tribe Distance Learning Centers Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Washington State University Extension Energy Program Washington State University Extension Energy Program Swinomish Tribe Swinomish Tribe Nimiipuu Health Nimiipuu Health Nez Perce Tribe Housing Authority Nez Perce Tribe Housing Authority Nez Perce Tribe Forestry & Fire Division Nez Perce Tribe Forestry & Fire Division Nez Perce Tribe Safety Program Nez Perce Tribe Safety Program

16. Thank You! Contact Information: Johna Boulafentis johnab@nezperce.org 208-843-7375 ext. 3821