1. SOLAR ENERGY IN BUILDINGS ARE 440 Lecture by: Sabeer Hamid Architectural Engineering Department Lecture by: Sabeer Hamid Architectural Engineering Department ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings 1

2. World Energy Statistics Most of the world’s energy comes from nonrenewable resources, such as oil, coal, and natural gas. 2 Detailed Statistics Detailed Statistics

3. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Increasing Energy Consumption 3 The World Energy Consumption is increasing at an alarming rate

4. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Detailed Energy Statistics The country wise energy consumption since last 20 years is shown in the file below: 4 ENERGY OUTLOOK Statistics Worksheet.

5. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Energy in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has the largest oil & gas reserves in the world 5 Consumption is comparatively high.

6. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Energy Consumption By Sector Buildings consume a lot of energy. 6 Detailed Analysis of the sector-wise consumption of energy.

7. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings SOLAR ENERGY In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non- renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions In today's climate of growing energy needs and increasing environmental concern, alternatives to the use of non- renewable and polluting fossil fuels have to be investigated. One such alternative is solar energy. Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The heat remains in the sun and is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space in all directions 7

8. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Solar Energy Conversion Solar energy can be extracted by converting it from one form to another such as:  Thermal Conversion: Sun facing surfaces transfer part of energy absorbed to a working fluid, however heat loss is a major factor.  Photo-voltaic Conversion: Conversion of solar energy into electrical energy using solar cells, efficiency & high initial cost is major concern [25% efficiency with overall system efficiency if 10 to 14%].  Biological Conversion: Similar to photosynthesis, recycling organic waste. Solar energy can be extracted by converting it from one form to another such as:  Thermal Conversion: Sun facing surfaces transfer part of energy absorbed to a working fluid, however heat loss is a major factor.  Photo-voltaic Conversion: Conversion of solar energy into electrical energy using solar cells, efficiency & high initial cost is major concern [25% efficiency with overall system efficiency if 10 to 14%].  Biological Conversion: Similar to photosynthesis, recycling organic waste. 8

9. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Solar Energy Conversion Solar energy can be extracted by converting it from one form to another such as:  Wind Power: Mechanical energy converted into electrical energy.  Ocean Energy Conversion: Using oceanic temperature gradient or generating energy through ocean waves. Solar energy can be extracted by converting it from one form to another such as:  Wind Power: Mechanical energy converted into electrical energy.  Ocean Energy Conversion: Using oceanic temperature gradient or generating energy through ocean waves. 9

10. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Availability of Solar Energy Irradiance: The amount of Solar Radiation falling on a surface per unit area per unit time.  The mean extraterrestrial irradiance normal to the solar beam on the outer fringe of earths atmosphere is 1.35 kW/m 2  Radiant energy is distributed within a particular range of wave length  Energy falling on unit area per unit time within a particular spectral band is known as spectral irradiance W/m 2 /  m. Irradiance: The amount of Solar Radiation falling on a surface per unit area per unit time.  The mean extraterrestrial irradiance normal to the solar beam on the outer fringe of earths atmosphere is 1.35 kW/m 2  Radiant energy is distributed within a particular range of wave length  Energy falling on unit area per unit time within a particular spectral band is known as spectral irradiance W/m 2 /  m. 10

11. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Solar Spectral Irradiance Curve 11

12. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Limitations due to Varied Global Irradiance Levels 12

13. ARE 440 Solar Energy in Buildings Thank you 13