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4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 1 Low Energy Hydrogen Sensor Linke, S., Dallmer, M., Werner R. and Moritz,

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Presentation on theme: "4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 1 Low Energy Hydrogen Sensor Linke, S., Dallmer, M., Werner R. and Moritz,"— Presentation transcript:

1 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 1 Low Energy Hydrogen Sensor Linke, S., Dallmer, M., Werner R. and Moritz, W. Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str.2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; email: werner.moritz@rz.hu-berlin.de Sensor structure Hydrogen response Thermal reactivation Fire detection LFL Explosion alarm

2 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 2 Sensor structure Si 3 N 4 SiO 2 Si Palladium Disadvantages of available hydrogen sensors: energy consumption too high for battery powered systems due to elevated working temperature price to high for mass products poor selectivity

3 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 3 Electrochemical mechanism ((different to Lundström type)) Palladium SiLaF 3 CV-measurement

4 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 4 Response of the Pd/LaF 3 /Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 /Si field effect structure (solid line and left scale) to different concentrations of hydrogen (doted line and right scale) in synthetic air; room temperature; measurement 1 hour after preparation of the Pd layer

5 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 5 6 days after preparation

6 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 6 Heating and temperature measurement 1 - Pt; 2 - LaF 3 ; 3 - SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 ; 4 - n-Si; 5 - ohmic contact No method for fast surface temperature measurement 4-point measurement resistance of Pt

7 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 7

8 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 8 Calculations of temperature distribution 100ns 1000W 100  WS LaF 3 240 nm SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 80nm 1 s 10 W 10Ws 10  s 100W 1mWs

9 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 9 Constant surface temperature Parameters of the electrical heating pulse used in Fig. above Max. current 8,4A Cur. dens. 2,8*10 7 Acm -2 Max. voltage 293 V Max. power2365 W Total energy1,82*10 -3 J ((average 2x10 -8 W))  T Si =0,025 K 500 activations simulating 2 years

10 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 10 Micro hotplate structure

11 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 11 Temperature distribution for different impulse duration Average power consumption 2x10 -6 W Fast decay to room temperature

12 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 12 Hydrogen signal in air after thermal reactivation room temperature Low concentration range 136 mV/decade Limit of detection 500 ppb

13 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 13 A Fire Experiment in a Wooden House.......... T- Amamoto et al., Sensors and Actuators, B1 (1990) 226-230

14 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 14 Early state of Fire (smoldering) TF 2 wood on electrical heater

15 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 15 High concentration range LFL 4% (40 000 ppm) alarm level 1,6% Response time t 90 (@8000 ppm)= 4 s 150 mV/dec

16 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 16 Stress test simulating 330 days of activations and mesurements Day 2, 50, 150 and 300 all 330 measurements

17 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 17 Mechanism Oxygen sensor O 2 + A*  O 2 (A*)(1) O 2 (A*)+ H 2 O+ e -  HO 2 (A*) + OH - (2) OH - +(F*)  OH - (F*)(3) Additional hydrogen action O 2 (A*) +H 2  H 2 O (A*) (4)

18 4th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety (ICHS) September 12-14, 2011 18 Conclusions - room temperature hydrogen sensor in ppm range and for high concentration - thermal reactivation is possible - Low energy consumption for heating impuls - early fire detection - alarm at lower explosion level - Battery power application for long time - Combination with energy harvesting technology possible

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