1. Review of Cell Test

2. Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities?
a. organelle
b. nucleus
c. cell envelope
d. cytoplasm

3. Prokaryotes lack
a. cytoplasm.
b. a cell membrane.
c. a nucleus.
d. genetic material.

4. Which structure contains the other. a. nucleus; cytoplasm b
Which structure contains the other? a. nucleus; cytoplasm b. nucleus; genetic material c. cell membrane; cell wall d. prokaryote; organelles

5. The main function of the cell wall is to
a. support and protect the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. direct the activities of the cell.
d. help the cell move.

6. Which structures carry out cell movement?
a. cytoplasm and ribosomes
b. nucleolus and nucleus
c. microtubules and microfilaments (cytoskeleton)
d. chromosomes

7. c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion
6. Which enzyme-filled organelle breaks down other organelles that have outlived their usefulness and breaks down food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. mitochondrion

8. 7. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. ribosome

9. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
a. mitochondrion
b. ribosome
c. chloroplast
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

10. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
a. mitochondrion
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast
d. channel proteins

11. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a. osmotic pressure.
b. osmosis.
c. facilitated diffusion.
d. active transport.

12. Both Schwann and Virchow developed important theories about cells in the mid 1800s. Which best explains the reason these theories were made within a few years of each other?
a.Hooke’s Micrographia inspired both theories.
b.New microscopes provided better viewing of cells.
c.Scientists invented the microscope in the mid 1800s.
d.The electron microscope was used for the first time.

13. Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?
a. All cells have a plasma membrane.
b. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
c. Living organisms are composed of cells.
d. The genetic material in cells is DNA.

14. Which is present only in eukaryotic cells?
a. cell membrane c. DNA
b. chromosomes d. nucleus

15. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport

16. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a.an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
b.an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
c.an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
d. all of the above

17. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. cholesterol
d. proteins

18. A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
It will swell.
It will stay the same.
It will shrink.
It will wilt.

19. What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport? a. Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient. b. Active transport uses proteins in the process. c. Facilitated diffusion moves molecules through the plasma membrane. d. Facilitated diffusion requires large amounts of energy.

20. A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundred of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find?
a. animal
b. bacteria
c. plant
d. He did not have enough information.

21. Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Na+/K+ ATPase pump

22. Endocytosis is when substances are brought into a cell.
true false
Endocytosis and exocytosis do not require energy from the cell and are considered passive transport.

23. How many layers is the cell membrane composed of?
c. 3 d. 4

24. d. all of the above are repelled by water
The phospholipid bilayer is attracted to and repels water. Which part of the bilayer is NOT attracted to water?
the phosphate heads
b. the protein channels
c. the fatty acid tails
d. all of the above are repelled by water

25. When the concentration of the solute is the same on both sides of the cell membrane __________________ is reached.
a. osmosis
b. plasmolysis
c. dynamic equilibrium
d. cytolysis

26. Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic Equilibrium
The concentration of dissolved substances is lower outside the cell than inside the cell.
"Same strength".
The water rushes into the cell and can cause the cell to rupture.
When the concentration of the solute is the same on both sides of the cell membrane this is reached.
Cells in this type of solution shrivel.