1. Milgram’s Baseline Procedure

2. 63% shock to the limit (STL)

3. Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (1) Is blind obedience to authority a distinctly American characteristic? Did the ‘teacher’ enjoy shocking the ‘learner?’ Does the status of the authority figure affect obedience?

4. Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (2) Does the personality of the victim affect obedience? Are the personalities of the maximally obedient and maximally rebellious subjects different? How would a moral person respond in Milgram’s study?

5. Questions From Milgram’s Paradigm (3) Were Milgram’s results predictable? Why are Milgram’s results surprising? A naive belief in the relationship of morality to behavior

6. Ethical Criticisms of Milgram’s Work No true informed consent Participants experienced significant stress Long-term negative effects on self-worth

7. Milgram’s Response To Ethical Criticism Extensive debriefing After session discovered learner was not harmed Participants were free to leave No evidence of permanent psychological harm

8. Follow-up of Milgram’s Participants 80% reported that they were “Very Glad” or “Glad” they participated. 15% had “No Strong Feelings” Just over 1% were “Sorry” or “Very Sorry” 80% said more research of this kind should be done. 74% said they learned something of lasting value.

9. A Question Mark: The Cost of Ethics? ?

10. Joshua at Jericho

11. Salem Witch Trials In 1692, 20 were executed in Massachusetts

12. Turkish-Armenian Genocide 1.5 million of 2.5 million Armenians in Turkey were exterminated between 1915 and 1923. "Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?"

13. Holocaust Six million Jews (67% of Europe’s population) were exterminated Others: Roma, mentally retarded, mentally disturbed, 3 million Soviet POWs, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Communists, Socialists

14. Cambodia: Killing Fields Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge kill 1.7 million (21% of population)

15. Rwanda In 1994, within 100 days 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus are exterminated

16. Kosovo: Ethnic Cleansing

17. How To Get Good Men and Women To Murder Their Neighbors Get them to say: I hate or I would never