1. Semantics for Net-Centric Operations Todd Schneider Principal Engineer Raytheon Approved for Public Release NCOIC-SemTech08-2008-05-20

2. 2 "Net Centricity A full contact Social Sport " Hans Polzer Lockheed Martin

3. 3 Agenda  NCO –What is it? –What are the problems? –Where do semantics come in?  NCOIC –Interoperability –Semantic Interoperability  Presentation Contributors –Hans Polzer, Lockheed Martin –John Yanosy, Rockwell Collins –Steve Russell, L-3 Communications

4. 4 Network Centric Operations  Operations enabled by –Information Networks Technology-enabled infrastructure and –Social Networks People working in collaboration

5. 5 NCO Drivers  Operational Effectiveness  Collaboration across domains  Change – increasing rate  Speed of Decisions/Command  Ad Hoc Missions or Tasks - Agility  Reduced Resources  Acquisition Costs Rapid Response to Changing Conditions Drives Need for Flexible, Agile, Composable Organizations and Systems

6. 6 NCO Requirements  Net-Centric Operations requires People, Processes, and Technology that work together enabling timely and trusted: –Access to information, –Sharing of information, and –Collaboration among those involved.  NCO is more about crossing organizational, asset and domain boundaries –Enabled by the Net –Expected by the emerging global culture

7. 7 Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain Cycle Conveyed Mission Intent Physical Domain Physical Advantage Spatial Advantage Temporal Advantage Information Domain Information Advantage Cognitive Domain Cognitive Advantage Process Advantage Precision Effect Compressed Operations Shared Awareness Speed and Access Network Centric Operations Social Domain Cultural Awareness Net Enabling Social & Cognitive Domains via Information Domain

8. 8 NCO & Interoperability  Hypothesis –Crossing Organizational Boundaries –Crossing Cultural Boundaries –Sharing Information –Collaboration  Entailment –Interoperability NCO Necessarily Requires Interoperability

9. 9 NCO Layers of Interoperability Data/Object Model Interoperability Connectivity & Network Interop. Physical Interoperability Semantic/Information Interoperability Knowledge/Awareness of Actions Aligned Procedures Aligned Operations Harmonized Strategy/Doctrines Political or Business Objectives Organizational Interoperability Technical Interoperability Layers of Interoperability Network Transport Information & Services People & Process NEEDS CONSTRAINTS

10. 10 NCO Interoperability  NCO Interoperability  Collaboration  Collaboration  Common Understanding  Common Understanding  Common/Shared Semantics  Conclusion NCO Interoperability  Common/Shared Semantics

11. 11 Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium (NCOIC)

12. 12 NCOIC Mission  Facilitate the global realization of Network Centric Operations.  Enable interoperability across the spectrum of joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational industrial and commercial operations.  NCOIC is global, with membership open to those who wish to develop the potential of network centric technology to the operational challenges faced by nations and their citizens.

13. 13 NCOIC Membership Comes From These Countries AustraliaCanadaDenmarkFinlandFrance GermanyItalyIrelandIsrael NetherlandsPolandRomaniaSpain South Korea Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States NCOIC welcomes global membership Belgium

14. 14 NCOIC & Interoperability  Building Blocks Functional Team: Identifies elements that help enable interoperability for interested stakeholders.  Net-Centric Assessment Functional Team: Develops tools for use by systems engineers to determine the level of Net-Centricity that has been achieved in systems.  NIF Architecture Concepts Functional Team: Develops enabling guidance consisting of architectural principles, and NCO patterns  Specialized Frameworks Functional Team: Identifies specialized frameworks and patterns consistent with NCO tenants and other technical principles, focusing on specific technical domains affecting network centric interoperable architectural solutions.

15. 15 “To build net-centric, one must first become net-centric” Steve Russell L3-Communications

16. 16 Systems, Capabilities, Operations, Programs, and Enterprises (SCOPE) Model Hans Polzer, Chair

17. 17 SCOPE Systems, Capabilities, Operations, Programs, and Enterprises (SCOPE) Model for Interoperability  Purpose - Describe the degree to which a set of Systems supports a Capability, Operation, Program or Enterprise (SCOPE) over a network  Provides a means to characterize interoperability requirements for network centric systems  Designed to characterize interoperability-relevant aspects of a system or capability in terms of a set of dimensions. –Each dimension represents a specific aspect of a system/capability or its surrounding environment/context, and enables assessment of that aspect within a range of possible values (discrete or continuous) that is unique to that dimension

18. 18 SCOPE Dimensions

19. 19 Systems Metrics Measures of Effectiveness Measures of Satisfaction Size, Weight, Power, and Cooling EnvironmentCost & Schedule Miscellaneous (the “ilities”) Maturity and Risk (TRL) Measures of Performance Measures of Net- Centricity SCOPE Model O T Green is area is the range between the Threshold (T) and Objective (O) value for a Key Performance Parameter (KPP)

20. 20 Semantic Interoperability Framework Working Group John Yanosy, Chair

21. 21 SIF WG Objectives  Develop a comprehensive understanding of the problems of semantic interoperability in a NCO environment  Define a semantic interoperability framework (SIF) where the scope and role of each problem can be illustrated and where problem specific architectural pattern solutions can be integrated (Services, Situational, and Knowledge Sharing domains)  Investigate, describe, and provide guidance in the use of semantic technologies and standards that supports mutually consistent understanding of shared information  Develop NCO Capability Specific Semantic Interoperability Patterns  Semantic Interoperability Concept Map  Develop Semantic Interaction Model –Based on speech acts –Characterizing intention (sufficient for NCO)  Lexicon

22. 22 SIF Concept Map

23. 23 Philosophy Computer Science Logic Operations Cognitive Science Knowledge Representation Linguistics Net Centric Ops Systems Engineering NCOIC Semantic Interoperability Space SI

24. 24 NCOIC Semantic Interoperability Principles  Interoperability between systems and agents is –Purposeful –Informed by goals, –Operating in contexts –Sharing domain knowledge (whether explicit or implied).  Goals guide selection of intentions and execution of actions  Communications occur within a few universal intentional categories (Speech Acts – request knowledge, commit to action, request action, … )  Context constrains relevant domain knowledge for a situation  Useful Knowledge is organized in semantic domain models

25. 25 Problems – Just a Few  Context –What is it –How to represent it –How to implement it –How to interpret it  Intent  Mediation –How to handle it  Ontology Development

26. 26  NCOIC –http://www.ncoic.orghttp://www.ncoic.org

27. 27 Additional Material

28. 28 NCOIC Vision & Mission Vision Mission Our mission is to facilitate the global realization of Network Centric Operations. We seek to enable interoperability across the spectrum of joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational industrial and commercial operations. NCOIC is global, with membership open to those who wish to apply the vast potential of network centric technology to the operational challenges faced by our nations and their citizens. Information Architecture Comm & Networking Architecture System A System B System C NCO Industry working together with our customers to provide a network centric environment where all classes of information systems interoperate by integrating existing and emerging open standards into a common evolving global framework that employs a common set of principles and processes.

29. 29  Broad Membership –Currently 100 Member Organizations from 19 countries, including Leading IT, Aerospace & Defense companies Government organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Academic Institutions  Experienced Advisory Council –24 key global government and civilian customers –Representatives from Australia, France, Germany, Italy, NATO, Sweden, UK, & the US  Growing Government Relationships –ASD(NII), Australia DoD, DHS, DISA, European Defence Agency, FAA, JFCOM, NATO, SPAWAR, Swedish FMV (The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration), EUROCONTROL/SESAR and FLV, the Swedish Aviation Authority NCOIC - At A Glance

30. 30 100 Member Companies & Organizations in NCOIC Just a few of the names that you might recognize…

31. 31 Members Executive Operations Committee Technical Council Functional Teams & Working Groups Strategy Committee Marcom Committee Membership Committee Executive Council Advisory Council Staff Executive Director NCOIC Organization

32. 32 NCOIC Terms  Network-Centric: –Related to systems and patterns of behavior that are influenced significantly or enabled by current and emergent networks and network technologies. Often these center around IP-based internetworking, but the term is sometimes used to include any type of enabling network.  Network-Centric Operations (NCO): –An information superiority-enabled concept of operations that generates increased combat power by networking sensors, decision makers, and shooters to achieve shared awareness, increased speed of command, higher tempo of operations, greater lethality, increased survivability and a greater degree of self-synchronization. Net-Centricity Necessarily Requires Interoperability