2. Factors Affecting The Ebb & Flow of Quebec’s Nationalist ‘Project’ Linguistic Insecurity - esp. demographic threat IRONY OF BILL 101: increased sense of linguistic security, and thereby led to greater integration with English speaking world Feelings of Rejection by Rest of Cda Feelings of Self-confidence & of Individualism Labour union militancy, incl. public svc unions - promotes ethclass consciousness - public service = imp. pillar of Que ntlsm Charismatic Leadership - e.g., R. Levesque, L. Bouchard Precipitating Event especially if symbolically charged

3. Some Effects of a Referendum Campaign Divides families, friends, workplace relationships Heightened Anxiety/Tension & Anticipation e.g., children’s nightmares; Anglos Will civility prevail or will we become like Bosnia? Immigrants feel like 2 nd class citizens Emphasis on “we” vs “they” distinctions & primordialism (“pur laine” Quebecois) i.e., ethnic nationalism, rather than civic nationalism Depression &/or sense of betrayal among losers

4. Issues Surrounding The Separation of Quebec What Will Happen to R.O.C.? Labrador Border Allocation of Assets & Liabilities e.g., proportion of national debt; valuation date of assets Partition of Quebec Itself - esp. aboriginal people Who Will Negotiate for Canada if PM is from Quebec? Free-trade - Quebec-Canada; Quebec-USA Ill-will “Once things start to unravel, they’ll move very quickly in ways we cannot foresee. No one can predict the outcome.” (Gordon Richie)