1. EVs the Energy Infrastructure and the needed User Infrastructure David Farr Project Manager

2. 2 SSE Our purpose: to provide people with the energy they need – in a reliable and sustainable way. 31st largest company in the FTSE 100* £10.5bn market capitalisation* 20,177 employees UKs broadest-based energy company - Electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply and services -Gas production, storage, distribution, supply and services -Telecoms networks and data storage * As at 27 August 2010

3. 3 Electric vehicles – the past Lead Acid or power from overhead lines

4. 4 Electric cars – present day Lead Acid Batteries Gee Whiz and Mega city

5. 5 Vehicle2-seater Electric motorOutput150 kW/204 hp Torque220 Nm Top speed150 km/h (limited) Energy storageLithium-Ion battery 35 kWh, 29 kWh available Voltage400 V Number of battery cells 5,088 CoolingAir cooled depending on cell temperature Charging times (230 V) 2.4 hours at 50 A 3.8 hours at 32 A 10.1 hours at 12 A Weight260 kg RangeIn real terms up to 180 km The MINI E UK Field Trial

6. 66 EVs and Generation Capacity

7. 7 Carbon Intensity of Generation http://www.earth.org.uk/_gridCarbonIntensityGB.html

8. 88 kW 1.5kW 500kW 1.5kW EVs and Distribution networks Night time load

9. 9 Energy Density of Batteries vs Petrol 6000kW in 15seconds 5000kW in three minutes

10. 10 Energy Density of Batteries vs Petrol Research

11. 11 Power requirement vs recharge time - 1 32 Amp single phase 13 Amp Plug Three phase 32 Amp Industrial

12. 12 Power requirement vs recharge time - 2 Current Rapid Charge Zone

13. 13 Activities while recharging Increasing cost of chargers

14. 14 Initial Results

15. 15 Overnight Demand Control - smart metering

16. 16 Key Infrastructure Requirements Home Single phase only – 13 or 32 Amp Smart Meter potential for flexible rate and demand control Work/Depot/Factory Office Car parks and transport hubs 3 phase supplies for larger vehicles – busses, lorries Smart to enable energy billing Public Public points starting to be rolled out Access arrangements Standardisation Payment methods Ownership models

17. 17 Key Infrastructure Requirements Public Public points starting to be rolled out How many posts are needed? Who pays the initial costs? Where best to locate them Normal charging @ 3kw (13amp), or fast charging @ 7kw (32amp)? Public safety and insurance.

18. 18 Key Infrastructure Requirements Public Public points starting to be rolled out Access arrangements Free parking to encourage electric vehicles? Free electricity? – Long term how does government replace fuel duties? Dedicated spaces – may annoy users of petrol cars Any other incentives – such as no Congestion Charge in London

19. 19 Key Infrastructure Requirements Public Public points starting to be rolled out Access arrangements Standardisation Plug and socket arrangements for fast charging Mennekes mode 3

20. 20 Key Infrastructure Requirements Public Public points starting to be rolled out Access arrangements Standardisation Payment methods Free electricity included in parking fee or charge each time? Local or National Schemes Prepayment card, Credit card

21. 21 Key Infrastructure Requirements Public Public points starting to be rolled out Access arrangements Standardisation Payment methods Ownership models - Interoperability National government or Local government Utility companies, Transport Hubs Parking companies, Supermarkets Independent franchises

22. 22 Key Infrastructure Requirements Charging points have the same public demands as public loos: You would rather not use them, but its good to know they are there. They need to be in the places that people need them There has to be just enough - too many is a waste of resources, but not enough is a problem. If they are closed or not working they are even worse than useless. Someone has to take ownership and accept the costs even if they are not used – some will be free others will not. We will accept reasonable costs for their use assuming you have the correct method to access them…….

23. EVs the Energy Infrastructure and the needed User Infrastructure David Farr Project Manager