1. Introduction to Maps Idea of Map –Natural Visualizing tool –Ubiquitous –Like any other academic/writing work –Deconstruction/reconstruction of the world (take out what we don’t need) –*Quiz – What is George Bush’s Peace Plan called?

2. Broad Stages of Cartography Ancient Civilization –China –Roman Road Maps –Alexandria / Ptolemy – burning of Alexandria burned the science of cartography as well Middle Ages –Mappemundi and Hereford Map (mapping out the imagination Enlightenment –Portolan Maps – compas bearings –Mercator and the birth of scienc/math of map-making Modern –Aerial Photography/Satellite Imagery (Moon/Space race showed us we were right, that the earth was round and that maps were properly done)…or were they? Flat-Earth Society/Moon Landing deniers (cuba) –GPS and GIS

3. Map Coordinates Idea is an ancient one in both China and Alexandria Ptolemy recorded 8000 coordinates – his maps with his grids were lost but his manuals for the coordinate system he created survived and reprinted in the 16 th Century Latitude acquired easily through the stars but it took centuries to develop a proper method of acquiring longitude Toronto’s latitude is 43 degrees, 42 seconds north and -79 degrees, 25 minutes west of Greenwich

4. Map Projections Mathematical Method used to display the spherical earth on a two-dimensional piece of paper or computer screen It is in fact the first lie that maps make since these all distort the truth First developed mathematical projections by Gerard Mercator, a 17 th Century mathematician Mercator’s was created for a safer method of sailing by fixed rules, measurements and straight lines Has led to the Greenland Controversy and Peters Projection

5. Map Scale Method of being able to shrink a geography to the size of a piece of paper without losing detail Large Scale has the largest denominator