1. Stars, Galaxies and Nebulae

2. Another state of Matter Solids, Liquids and Gasses Plasma—like a gas, except can be charged electrically In this plasma lamp, electricity and magnet form structures

3. Some common Plasmas Fire Lightning The Sun and other stars

4. What is a star? A Luminous Ball of Plasma held together by gravity Fueled by Nuclear Fusion Hydrogen Helium And this electron escapes

5. A star begins With a collapsing cloud of material Mostly made of Hydrogen, the lightest, simplest element a photograph of the center of the Swan Nebula, or M17, a hotbed of newly born stars wrapped in colorful blankets of glowing gas and cradled in an enormous cold, dark hydrogen cloud.

6. One Nebula, two Nebulae Clouds of dust and gas (especially hydrogen) where stars form The Horsehead Nebula

7. A Gallery of Nebulae The Bubble Nebula

8. The Eagle Nebula

9. HH-666 Also known as “the axis of evil in the Carina Nebula”

10. Rossette Nebula

11. Part of the Eagle Nebula

12. Triangulum Emission Garren Nebula

13. Cat’s Eye Nebula

14. Red rectangle nebula

15. How do they take these pictures? The Hubble Telescope Launched in 1990 Will stop working this year

16. Webb telescope Will be launched in 2013 Will be beyond the moon

17. Galaxies Huge groups of stars, Star clusters Interstellar clouds

18. Types of Galaxies

19. Elliptical

20. Spiral

21. A Barred Spiral Galaxy

22. Milky Way Our Home Galaxy! A Barred Spiral Galaxy

23. Ring Galaxy

24. Starburst Galaxies Stars form at a fast rate

25. How many galaxies? More than 170 billion 170,000,000,000 More being discovered all the time!

26. How many Stars in a Galaxy? As few as 10 million (10,000,000) As many as 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000)

27. Our Galactic Cluster is called The Local Group – it has about 30 galaxies http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/gclus ters/localg.html

28. Our Galactic Address! Name - Street, City, Postal Code - Continent - Planet – Earth Star – the Sun Galaxy – Milky Way Galaxy Cluster – The Local Group

29. Dark Matter We can’t see it But it has gravity– a lot! Makes up 90% of galaxies Something scientists are trying to find out about right now ?

30. Black Holes A place from which nothing can escape Not even light! Very compact mass in a deformation of spacetime

31. Supermassive Black Hole What it sounds like At the center of most, if not all, galaxies Here, an artist has imagined a supermassive black hole tearing a star apart

32. Supernova A star explosion Burns all its material in a few weeks or months

33. Red Giants Towards the end of a star’s life Expands to 9 times it size Starts to fuse carbon, neon, silicon and oxygen This star is Betelgeuse

34. Collapse Will eventually collapse into a “planetary nebula” Remnants may be recycled into new stars

35. Quiz-time! What element is being fused in the sun and other stars to make energy and helium? Hydrogen

36. What do we call gas that can be electrically charged? Plasma Some examples? Fire, lightning, stars

37. What do we call a region of clouds of gas where stars form? a Nebula The plural? Nebulae

38. What is the name of this nebula? The Horsehead Nebula

39. What will not let anything escape, not even light? A Black Hole

40. What is a star explosion called? A Supernova

41. To Know for Midterm Astronomical Unit – distance between planets Light Years – distance between stars and galaxies Star Nebula Galaxy

42. The End