1. Chapter 19
The Growth of Industry

2. Railroads Lead the Way
The first Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869.
The fast-growing national rail system encouraged the expansion/growth of the ________
Economy
This railroad expansion also influenced consolidation, which was the practice of combining separate companies, in the industry

3. Improving the Railroads
Because of the growth in railroads trains would build their tracks differently so that only one specific companies train could use that track
Railroad companies would compete with each other for customers

4. Inventions
Thomas Alva Edison – received over 1,000 patents in his lifetime
Wilbur Wright – He was the first to fly in an engine powered plane
Alexander Graham Bell – Invented the telephone
Henry Ford – Pioneered the assembly line, he the Ford Model T

5. Inventions 1852-1899 Elish Otis – Elevator Break
Henry Bessemer – Bessemer Process
George Pullman – Rail Sleeping Car
Thaddeus Lowe – Ice Machine
George Westinghouse – Air Break
Stephen Dudley Field – Electric Streetcar
Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone
Thomas Alva Edison – Incandescent Lightbulb
James Ritty – Cash Register
Lewis Howad Latimer – Improved Lightbulb Filament
Jan E. Matzeliger – Shoemaking Machine
Sarah E Goode – Folding Cabinet Bed
Granville T. Woods – Automatic Air Break
Charles and J. Frank Duryea – Gasoline-Powered Car
John Thurman – Vaccum Cleaner

7. The Age of BIG BUSINESS
Railroads were the FIRST business to form corporations, or incorporate – soon manufacturing firms and other businesses would join
Andrew Carnegie – Was a large steel company owner as well as a philanthropist who built more than 2,000 libraries

8. The Age of BIG BUSINESS cont…
Monopoly – Total control of an industry
Example – John D. Rockefeller did this by owning the stock and right to ALL oil companies
Robber Baron – A wealthy owner of a large corporation that people did not like

9. Industrial Workers
Factories and mines were unhealthy, noisy and unsafe places to work
However, men – women and children worked in these places.
Because of these conditions unions would start to form
What is a union?

10. Unions
Unions were dissatisfied workers who organized into groups to demand
Better pay
Safer conditions
Some unions were formed based on the skills of certain workers these were called Trade Unions.
People in certain crafts or trades
Example – carpentry

11. Unions cont…
The Knights of Labor – met secretly because their employer would fire those who joined unions.
The American Federation of Labor – represents skilled workers in a variety of crafts.
International Ladies’ Garment Workers – was formed because of the Triangle Shirt-waist Company fire in 1911

12. The Unions Act
Slight economic depression in the 1870’s and 1890’s led companies to lower wages and fire workers.
Unions responded with large strikes and sometimes violence
The Haymarket Riot of 1886 would leave 11 dead
Striking workers from McCormick Harvester Company gathered to protest the killing of four strikers from the previous day
The police ordered the crowd to break up and someone threw a bomb killing seven policemen.