1. Chapter 8

2. Nutrition and Your Health  Nutrition  Study of how our bodies use the food we eat to maintain our health  Energy  Good Food & Portion Sizes  Overweight  Excess Body Fat  Obesity  Weighing more than 20% above your recommended weight range  Increases risk of diseases and disorders

3. Childhood Obesity Statistics  In 2012, more than 1/3 of children & adolescents were overweight or obese  70% of obese youth had at least 1 risk factor for cardiovascular disease  Children & adolescents who are obese are at greater risk for pre diabetes, bone, and joint problems  Children & adolescents who are obese will more likely be obese as adults

5. Nutrients & Food  Nutrients  Substances in food that your body needs to function properly  Keep body healthy  Energy  Food you eat

6. Using Food for Energy  Digestion  Process of breaking down food into a form your body can use  Journey of Food  Mouth ( Chewing)  Stomach ( Mixed with acids)  Small Intestine ( broken into nutrients ; blood)

7. What is a Diet?  Diet  Pattern of eating that includes what a person eats, how much a person eats, and how often a person eats  Describes how a person eats every day

8. Influences on Food Choices  Personal Choice  Cost  Family Traditions  Common in the area  Convenience  Friends

9. Food & Feelings  Eat when not hungry  Nervous ; Upset  Happy; Excited  Social Gatherings

10. How Your Body Uses Nutrients  Foods  More than one nutrient  Different foods contain the same nutrients  Energy  Comes from nutrients  Growth  Maintenance  Repair

11. Energy from Food  Calories  Amount of energy your body gets from a food is measured in units  Metabolism  Process of converting the energy in food into energy your body can use

12. 6 Essential Nutrients  1. Carbohydrates  2. Fats  3. Proteins  4. Vitamins  5. Minerals  6. Water

13. Carbohydrates  Main source of energy  Chemical composed of one or more simple sugars ( 1 grams = 4 calories)  2 Basic Types :  Simple Carbohydrates  Complex Carbohydrates

14. Simple Carbohydrates  Sugars such as table sugar, honey, and sugar found in fresh fruit  Easy for the body to digest  Gives body quick energy

15. Amount of Sugar in Your Drink Poster

16. Complex Carbohydrates  Starches that are made of sugar molecules that are linked together  Broken down  Feel full for a longer period of time  Examples:  Pasta  Rice  Potatoes  Fiber ( healthy part of a balanced diet) Brown Rice Oatmeal Whole Wheat Bread

17. Fats  Energy storage nutrients that help the body store vitamins  Needed in small amounts  High amount of fats  Weight Gain  Heart Disease  Examples: Butter, Vegetable Oil, margarine  1 gram = 9 calories

18. Fast Food Crisco Activity  How much fat do you think is in your fast food?

19. Proteins  “ Building Blocks of the Body”  Nutrients that build and repair tissues & cells  One gram = 4 calories  Animal sources  Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Milk, Cheese  Vegetable Sources  Beans, Nuts, Tofu

20. Vitamins  Keep body healthy  Organic compounds that control several body functions  Small amount  Vegetables, fruits, nuts, & dairy  Body will not function properly without these  Scurvy [ tooth loss] ( Vitamin C)  Night Blindness ( Vitamin A)

21. Minerals  Elements that are essential for good health  Examples:  Calcium / Phosphorus  Iron  Sodium/ Potassium  Zinc  Iodine  Small Amounts

22. Good Sources of Some Important Vitamins & Minerals NameWhat It Does for your Body Where you can get it Vitamin AHealthy Hair/ SkinCarrots, sweet potatoes, squash Vitamin CFight germs that cause illness Orange juice, broccoli, papaya Vitamin B – 12Concentration, memory, and balance Fish, milk, eggs, meat, poultry CalciumHealthy, strong bones and teeth Milk, cheese, yogurt, and sardines IronHealthy blood; prevents fatigue Tofu, spinach, black-eyed peas, red meat

23. Water  Cannot survive a few days without it  70 % of Body  Carry nutrients and waste products throughout your body  Regulate body temperature  Cells  Joints

24. Dehydration  Your body will not function properly  Dry out  May lead to:  Fainting  Extreme cases – Death  8 – 10 glasses per day  More if exercising/ playing sports  Foods are good sources of water  Milk, fruits, veggies, soups, stews, salads, juices

25. Dietary Guidelines  Healthy/ unhealthy eating habits  Dietary Guidelines for Americans  Set of suggestions developed by nutrition scientists and public health agencies  Choose healthy nutritious foods  Stay fit  Limit substances that increase disease risk

26. My Plate

27. My Menu Project

28. Nutrition Label  Label found on the outside packages of food and states the number of servings, calories, and nutrients  Food Choices

30. Ingredients

31. Nutrition Label Group Review On your half sheet of paper, your group will break down your nutrition label. You need to write down the important points of a label :  Serving Size  Calories  Bad Nutrients  Good Nutrients

32. What is a Serving Size?  Standard amount of food that allows different foods to be compared with one another

33. Portions vs. Exercise with M & Ms

34. Mirror Mirror Off the Wall  Draw a picture of yourself  Write 5 things that you like about your body  Write 1 thing that you do not like

35. Body Image  How you feel about and see your body  Changes  Positive Attitude  Comparing Yourself

36. Body Image & Self Esteem  Self Esteem  How much you value, respect, and feel confident about your self  Negative Body Image  Positive Body Image  Body Image vs. Self Esteem

37. Influences on Body Image  Family & Friends  Teachers & Coaches  Media  List celebrities with the ideal body and why?  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3D0jMIOK_c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3D0jMIOK_c  Positive / Negative Effects

38. Building a Healthy Body Image  “I “ Statements  Tells people directly what bothers you about their behavior  I feel ….  When you ….  Because ….  Positive Self Talk  A way of encouraging yourself by saying positive statements to yourself

39. “I” Statement Scenarios  1. Your always late picking me up  2. You shouldn’t wear that outfit. I’ve told you before its not very flattering.  3. Your never going to graduate if you keep failing tests like that  4. How could you be so dumb to forget that we were already busy that night  5. You should have known better than to do something that stupid.

40. Music Lyrics & Body Image  Analyze the song lyrics and answer how it relates to body image. Give specific examples  Songs:  I am – Hillary Duff  Beautiful – Christina Aguilera  Unpretty – TLC  Born This Way – Lady Gaga  Perfect – Pink  32 Flavors – Ani Defranco

41. Eating Disorders  Unhealthy eating behaviors  Eating certain foods  Skipping meals  Eating large amounts of food at one time  Learning  Growth  Overall health

42. Why Teens Develop Unhealthy Eating Behaviors Low Self Esteem Fear of becoming overweight Poor skills with coping stress Unhealthy Body Image Pressure from friends or family to be thin Feelings of Helplessness

43. Over exercising  Exercises more intensely and for a longer period of time than is necessary for good health  Body Size & Weight  Unhealthy body image  Low Self Esteem  Ashamed  Injuries  Extreme tiredness, hopelessness, moody, & affects relationships

44. What are Eating Disorders  Disease that involves an unhealthy concern with one’s body weight and shape  Emotional factors  Depression, low self esteem, physical / sexual abuse  Boys & girls  Symptoms  Talking about weight, bodies, or food  Lose a lot of weight in a short period of time

45. Anorexia Nervosa  1 in 100 teen girls  Eating disorder that involves self – starvation, unhealthy body image, & extreme weight loss  Fear of being fat & gaining weight  Feel fat/ overweight  Perfectionists

46. Anorexia Nervosa  Foods low in calories & fat  Plays with food  Layers of clothing

47. Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa  Dry, dull hair and hair loss  Dry Skin  Brittle nails  Large weight loss over a short period of time  Abdominal pain  Growth of fine body hair  Cold  Faint; light headed

48. Anorexia Nervosa Celebrities

49. Anorexia Nervosa  Medical help  Long term problems  Stomach  Kidneys  Bowels  Heart  Death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sz-nPMTXduo

50. Bulimia Nervosa  Eat disorder in which a person eats a large amount of food and then tries to remove the food from his or her body  Binging  Eat a large amount of food in a short period of time  Triggered by :  Depression  Anger  Boredom

51. Feelings of Shame  Purging  Throwing Up  Laxatives  Diurectics ( urinate)  Overexercise

52. Cycle of Binging & Purging  Hurts Body Functions  Acid  Teeth  Gums  Throat  Cheeks  Jaw

53. Warning Signs of Bulimia  Spend a lot of time thinking about food  Steal food  Take trips to the bathroom immediately after eating  Make themselves throw up after eating  Hide food in strange places  Exercise Excessively  *** May be treated by a doctor **

54. Celebrities with Bulimia

55. Binge Eating Disorder  Disease in which a person cannot control how much he/ she eats  Emotional Problems  Do not try to purge  Eat large amounts of food very quickly  Junk Food  Have problems controlling weight; Health Issues  Obese  Overweight

56. Giving Help for Eating Disorders  Talk to friend  Calm and caring way  Encourage your friend to get professional help  Adult, Teacher, Counselor, School Nurse  May be upset  May be saving a life

57. Getting Help for Eating Disorders  Not able to recover without professional help  1. Find an adult you trust  Parent or another adult  2. Find a time  Privately  3. Sit down, and tell the person your concerns  I need your help. I am afraid I have an eating disorder. Once I start eating, I can’t stop. I’m not even hungry when I eat.

58. Professional Help  Without  20% of people with eating disorders die  With  60% of people who have eating disorders recover  20% of people who have eating disorders make partial recoveries  20% of people who have eating disorders do not improve

59. Healthy Weight  Healthy Weight Range  Estimate of how much you should weight depending on your height and body frame  Factors?

60. Body Mass Index (BMI)  Mathematical formula that uses height and weight to evaluate body composition  Calculating BMI  BMI = weight in pounds x 704.3 / height in inches squared  Is it Accurate?  Does not account for frame size  Fit & athletic may be overweight

62. Keeping a Healthy Energy Balance  Energy Balance  Eat more Food  Body uses for daily activities  Gain weight  Same amount of food  Physical activity  Maintain weight  Body needs more energy  Food  Lose weight

63. Fad Diets  Diets that promise you quick weight loss with little effort  Special products  Pills  Shakes  Avoid certain foods  Sugar  Weight gain / loss  Time  Harm health