1.  APPEAL and Neutrinos Advanced Physics with Photons Electrons And Lasers -Leptons Hiro Ejiri RCNP Osaka JASRI Spring-8, ICU July 29, 05 A view from the Ejiri’s

2.  probes are complementary  e  W s* u d Pi +Pn ~0

3. I. LEPS Project 1994 -9 ---- 200 ｘ 1. RCNP New frontier projects, Quark Lepton (Neutrino) Nucleon(H.R) Nuclear Physics 1. RCNP New frontier projects, Quark Lepton (Neutrino) Nucleon(H.R) Nuclear Physics 2. Quark Nuclear Physics with Laser Electron Photons 2. Quark Nuclear Physics with Laser Electron Photons (multi GeV :Eg ~ k E e 2 polarized g’s) from Spring 8 (highest quality E e =8 GeV (multi GeV :Eg ~ k E e 2 polarized g’s) from Spring 8 (highest quality E e =8 GeV 3. Agreement of JASRI & RCNP, and start R&D. Directors H. Ejiri and H. Kamitsubo. M. Date(JAERI) 3. Agreement of JASRI & RCNP, and start R&D. Directors H. Ejiri and H. Kamitsubo. M. Date(JAERI) II. PEARL Idea Photon Electron Accumulator Ring Lab. 1998. New ring for E– sub. 8 GeV. Electrons with 4 10 33 / cm 2 sec. 1998. New ring for E  – sub. 8 GeV. Electrons with 4 10 33 / cm 2 sec. It is timely to start LEPS II in 2004. 9. It is timely to start LEPS II in 2004. 9.

4. GeM Photons :GeV-MeV Laser Electron photons GeM LEPS Spring-8 are unique probes Real photons in a wide energy range of multi GeV – MeV Energy spectra with peak at the max energy. Polarizations ~ 100 % for E1-M1 vector axialvector

5. Present talk Present talk I. APPEAL and Neutrinos: EM/  versus Weak/ I. APPEAL and Neutrinos: EM/  versus Weak/ II. EM/  probes for Quark Nuclear Physics II. EM/  probes for Quark Nuclear Physics II. EM/  probes for Lepton/ -DM nuclear physics II. EM/  probes for Lepton/ -DM nuclear physics III. Concluding Remarks III. Concluding Remarks ---Comments on the LEPS II project --- ---Comments on the LEPS II project --- Advanced Physics with Photons Electrons and Neutrinos http://www.spring8.or.jp/e/conference/appeal/

6. I. APPEAL and Neutrinos APPEAL is of great interest for quark  nuclear physics Physics interests to be studied in nuclear physics Constituents & Interactions of Universe/Cosmology A. Fundamental properties of ’s beyond SM Simple weak particle, , is a key for new physics, B. Dark Matter and Super symmetry particle (LSP Neutralino). Major mass of the universe, and a key for new symmetries. C. Origins and structures of Baryons and Nuclei. Major strongly interacting particles, astro- nuclear physics.  probes  for mass nature, CP.  for nuclear response. DM LSP scattering off nuclei,  for DM nuclear interactions  /N-probes for QCD hadron structures and interactions

7. Nuclear EW(EM  Strong(  N,K,  probes Nuclear EW(EM  Strong(  N,K,  probes 1. DM,, Baryons are studied in nuclear micro laboratories, with nucleons in quantum states, to select / enhance signals. 2. Here, DM,, quark/barion nuclear responses are crucial. 3. EW(EM ,) and Strong( N,K,  ) probes are complementary.  can be  probe,  tagged quark/meson (  K- =K+)  EM probe K, Meson Tagged quark probe Gluon probe

8. II. EM/  probes for Quark nuclear physics

9. A. Quark spin-flavor waves in a nuclear medium Nucleon spin isospin waves Nucleon spin isospin waves GT  resonance (Fujita Ikeda 1964) GT  resonance (Fujita Ikeda 1964)  r resonance (Ejiri Fujita Ikeda 1968)  r resonance (Ejiri Fujita Ikeda 1968) Q + (  ) =  a i Q i coherent/in-phase sum over nucleons in one HO shell. Resonance with enhanced cross section at high/low excitation region  、  resonances/waves : crucial in astro-nuclear reactions and transmutations  [ H.T ] ~ ET, T =  Y

10. Quark spin isospin wave  N 

11. Flavor-spin waves  * N X  K K  Flavor spin flip = Anti-s Strangeness flip d s X :  X can be at rest by K N X

12. B. Spin parity of  + spin observables Triple spin correlation  ) -  (0)]/[  ) +  (0)] = -1 at  reaction plane,  ) -  (0)]/[  ) +  (0)] = -1 at  reaction plane, R i = R f with R = P exp(i  S n ),  S n = even/odd as P i =+/- P f Linear pol. Perpendicular –Parallel ＋ Initial and final N spin up   incrases at  if  + is positive and p-wave K decay.   remains -1 at  if  + is negative and s-wave K decay. Here  is the angle of K+ to the incident N in the rest  frame. A. Titov, H. Ejiri, H. Haberzettl, K. Nakayama. PR D C71 (2005) 035203

14. C. Nucleon/Baryon spin carriers: ud, ss*, orbital, gluons M1/E2 moments (diagonal and transition moments ) by pol.  asymmetry to probe spin carries. M1/E2 moments (diagonal and transition moments ) by pol.  asymmetry to probe spin carries. HIGS 0.01 GeV for D M1/E1 excitations HIGS 0.01 GeV for D M1/E1 excitations LEGS 0.1 GeV for  q-spinflip and orbital excitation LEGS 0.1 GeV for  q-spinflip and orbital excitation LEPS 1 GeV for flavor non-pertabative QCD LEPS 1 GeV for flavor non-pertabative QCD 1. s-s spin content. 1. s-s spin content. C.f. beam for s content C.f. beam for s content

15. III. EM/  probes for Weak/ -LSP

16. DM,, Baryon study in nuclear micro laboratories Nuclei, being made of nucleons in quantum states, are excellent micro-laboratories to study fundamental physics interests, enhancing & selecting signals/BG’s.  decays in nuclei, where -exchange between 2 n is enhanced by 10 7, and BG single  is forbidden. DM,, quark/barion nuclear responses are crucial. 

17. Neutrino and Neutralino sectors in nuclear physics Neutrino nuclear physics Neutrino nuclear physics  -mass, spectrum, nature Majorana, CP-phases by 0  with  meV. CP-phases by 0  with  meV. T = |M | T  = |M  | 2 H. Ejiri, JPS(2005) Invited Review Paper H. Ejiri, JPS(2005) Invited Review Paper DM/LSP nuclear physics DM/LSP nuclear physics T = |M | T D  = |M D  | 2  DM J. Vergados H.Ejiri, PLB606 2005 313 J. Vergados H.Ejiri, PLB606 2005 313 Astro nuclear reaponse Astro nuclear reaponse

18. Present

19. Nuclear probes for response studies EW(EM  Strong(  N,K,  Nuclear probes for response studies EW(EM  Strong(  N,K,  Charged (     ) and neutral (  3 ) Charged (     ) and neutral (  3 ) Vector (  S S=0) and axial vector (  S S=1) Vector (  S S=0) and axial vector (  S S=1) Isospin and spin isospin J Isospin and spin isospin J 0  L=0,1,2,3,4,5, E < 50 MeV 0  L=0,1,2,3,4,5, E < 50 MeV Supernova L = 0,1. E < 50 MeV Supernova L = 0,1. E < 50 MeV Weak, EM, and hadron probes for spin isospin responses for Weak, EM, and hadron probes for spin isospin responses for H. Ejiri, Phys. Rep. 338 (2000) 265.

20. I. Photons : neutral & charged weak currents  z=5,5  z=6,6 T,Tz=6,6  z=5,5 ,Tz=5,4  z=4,4      S  + A = A’ for + A = + A’,  + A = IAS B for  + A = + B,  + A = p + B for  + A = + B =  /e =  /e (2T) 1/2 H. Ejiri PRL 21 ’68, H. Ejiri PR 38 ‘78 H.Ejiri, JPS(2005) Invited Review Paper

21. Photo-excitation of IAS Cross section ∫  dE = k  h B(EM-L) Cross section ∫  dE = k  h B(EM-L) Use I  ~ 10/0.2 MeV, T ~ 30 m ｇ / MeV,  t ~ 0.2 MeV Use I  ~ 10 ８ /0.2 MeV, T ~ 30 m ｇ / MeV,  t ~ 0.2 MeV B(EM １）  (EM 1) mb Y/sec B(EM １）  (EM 1) mb Y/sec E1 0.5/(2T)  50 E1 0.5/(2T)  50 M1 0.3/(2T) 0.15 4 M1 0.3/(2T) 0.15 4

22. HIGS (High Energy  source) and RCNP Linear pol.  E  = 2~5 MeV by 670 nm laser off 0,3 ~ 4 GeV e. E1/M1 strength on D from azimuthal distribution Linear pol.  E  = 2~5 MeV by 670 nm laser off 0,3 ~ 4 GeV e. E1/M1 strength on D from azimuthal distribution B(M1) EM excitation by B(M1) EM excitation by  HIGS Tornow et al.,  HIGS Tornow et al., B(MI) ( 7 Li, 7 Be) charge exchange reaction at RCNP Osaka S. Nakayama….Ejiri…. B(MI) ( 7 Li, 7 Be) charge exchange reaction at RCNP Osaka S. Nakayama….Ejiri….

23. Electron probes for weak responses. e +  e -   C A. Probe E MeV I  cm2 Reaction T- Mo Yield /y Electron 20 1 mA 10 (e,  ) 10 gr/cm2 1.1 105 Electron 20 1 mA 10 -40 (e,  ) 10 gr/cm2 1.1 105 Positron 20 1012/s 10 (e,  ) 10 gr/cm2 1.8 102 Positron 20 1012/s 10 -40 (e,  ) 10 gr/cm2 1.8 102 * 20 MeV electron range 12 gr/cm2 * 20 MeV electron range 12 gr/cm2Experiments Real time measurements with highly segmented detectors to Real time measurements with highly segmented detectors to reduce accidental coincidence from EM processes. reduce accidental coincidence from EM processes. Off-beam  activity of B* to get total strength. Off-beam  activity of B* to get total strength. B. Internal beam L ~ 4.10/cms Y / y = 12 for  = 10 B. Internal beam L ~ 4.10 33 /cm 2 s Y / y = 12 for  = 10 -40

24. IV. Concluding remarks 1. LEPS-2 is encouraged, as well as neutrinos and DM physics, 1. LEPS-2 is encouraged, as well as neutrinos and DM physics, A. To promote further the quark nuclear physics programs for A. To promote further the quark nuclear physics programs for non-perturbative QCD through quark nuclear spectroscopy. non-perturbative QCD through quark nuclear spectroscopy. B. Nuclear response studies for and DM LSP studies. B. Nuclear response studies for and DM LSP studies. 2. LEPS 1-2, together with high-resolution nuclear spectroscopy at Osaka and -LSP at Oto, are complementary to each other, and Osaka and -LSP at Oto, are complementary to each other, and are potential bases of a new COE at East Asia, are potential bases of a new COE at East Asia, APPEAL (Advance Physics with photons, Electrons And Leptons) APPEAL (Advance Physics with photons, Electrons And Leptons) 3. The COE of nuclear physics was established in 1990’s to promote low-energy nuclear physics at Osaka/Oto/Spring-8. Let’s start low-energy nuclear physics at Osaka/Oto/Spring-8. Let’s start the new APPEAL, to be complementary to J-PARK, J-lab, LNG, etc. the new APPEAL, to be complementary to J-PARK, J-lab, LNG, etc. with existing core facilities (8-GeV symchrotron-ring, with existing core facilities (8-GeV symchrotron-ring, 0.25 GeV linac, Oto lab. Ring) and with core groups from the 0.25 GeV linac, Oto lab. Ring) and with core groups from the East-North-West universities in Japan, Asia, and in the world. East-North-West universities in Japan, Asia, and in the world.

25. APPEAL Advanced Physics with Photons Electrons And Leptons APPEAL Advanced Physics with Photons Electrons And Leptons SK/KamLAND Underground lab. -osc. K2K, T2K. / SN, the sun and earth, J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex 3-50 GeV p, K, n. KEK e-collider B-fatoy CP, RCNP Osaka p,He Cyclotron -res. Oto under ground lab. , DM in nuclei Spring-8 8 GeV e, GeV- MeV pol.  quark-nuclei RIKEN HI cyclotron New COE APPEAL

26. RCNP Osaka Research Center for Nuclear Physic Present talk, Neutrinos and photons for symmetries and spin physics, A, B, and C.  mass at Oto underground lab. and future  project MOON B. -nuclear responses by nuclear probes at RCNP and probes at J-PARC C. GeV-MeV photons for quarks and astro nuclei. J-PARC 3GeV p

27. Nuclear response    for  2 real s-wave  ’s via GT and F states. GT-GR cancels, and low ST with effective g A derived from experiments. H. Ejiri  PR 338 02 76 Se(n,p) at 0.198 GeV TRIUMF Helmer et al.PR C55 ’97, 2802 State MeV GT(np) pn M  State MeV GT(np) pn M  0.05 ~0.1 A 0.05 ~0.1 A 2.65 ~ 0.16 B 2.65 ~ 0.16 B 0.047/me, 0.047/me, 2  Exp. 0.065. 2  Exp. 0.065.

28. SCSS Impact on science should be considered. A half Billion Project at Spring-8 from 2005 for 0.1 nm FEl http://www-xfel.spring8.or.jp The 8 GeV linac/synchrotron are of potential interest for effective use. The 0.25 GeV linac is of potential keV X-rays to produce 8 GeV 

29. Low energy Neutrinos Complementary to GeV-MeV  Complementary to GeV-MeV  p + Hg  n  + p + Hg  n  +  +          e   e   Intense ( ~10 15 /sec) ’s with 1 MW p, time structures and spectra in the E region of the astro nuclear particle physics interest.  ntense of 10 15 /sec and large detectors(10 tons) for  ~ 10 -41-42 cm 2 Source E GeV N p N  Detector  SNS   9.5 10 15 9.4 10 14 NuSNS  J － PARC 3 2 10 15 4 10 14 MOON-type  J-PARC is of potential interest for low energy beams. H. Ejiri NIM, 503 (2003) 276 H. Ejiri Nucl. Phys. Proc. 2005 NuFact 04 NuSNS http://www.phy.ornl.gov/nusns /

30. References Nuclear  responses review H.Ejiri, Phys. Rep. 338 (2000) 265. Review  H.Ejiri, JPS(2005) Invited Review Paper ELEGANT  H. Ejiri, et al., Phys. Rev. 65 (2001) 065501 MOON  solar MOON  solar H.Ejiri, J.Engel, G.Hazama, P.Krastev, N.Kudomi, H.Ejiri, J.Engel, G.Hazama, P.Krastev, N.Kudomi, R.G.H.Robertson, Phys, Rev. Lett.,85 (2000) 2917 R.G.H.Robertson, Phys, Rev. Lett.,85 (2000) 2917 Supernova H.Ejiri, J.Engel, N.Kudomi, PL B530 (2002) 27 Rev.  and -responses H. Ejiri Nucl. Instr. Methods, 503 (2003) 276 H. Ejiri Nucl. Instr. Methods, 503 (2003) 276 H. Ejiri Nucl. Phys. Proc. 2005 NuFact 04 H. Ejiri Nucl. Phys. Proc. 2005 NuFact 04

31. NNR05 Workshop Neutrino Nuclear Responses in  and Low-energy Astro- ’s Dec. 2-4, 2005. CAST visit SPring-8 1. Nuclear responses for  2. Charge exchange reactions for  ’s 3. Astro nuclear interactions 4. Nuclear EM  /e and weak probes for nuclear responses. 5. DM and Related subjects. http://www.spring8.or.jp/e/conference/appeal/nnr05/,

32. NDM Welcome EM ・  as a partner of Electro-Weak /LSP NDM Welcome EM ・  as a partner of Electro-Weak /LSP NDM03 H. Ejiri I. Ogawa

33. Thank you for attention