1. Michael Buckland and Ryan Shaw. Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative, and School of Information, University of California, Berkeley. ECAI / PNC Joint Meeting, Taipei, Oct 6-8, 2009. Convenient Discovery in Suitable Resources: Design Issues

2. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei2 Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this? What else was happening? Reader (or Writer) Resources Encyclopedias Atlases, place name Biographical dictionaries Dictionaries Library catalog Statistical series etc., etc..... In a paper environment, a library is a good place to read and to write because explanations are available. How do we move this situation into an internet environment?

3. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei3 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource.

4. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei4 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE?

5. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei5 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT?

6. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei6 CORPUS FRAGMENT CONTEXT Looking outwards: Ad hoc searches Reference work

7. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei7 Prototype context finder: Scanned text Named entities

8. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei8 Cursor over a name highlights every mention of that name in the text. Prototype context finder: Proper names marked, listed

9. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei9 Prototype context finder: One click opens menu of specific resources. Another click sends query and displays response.

10. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei10 Reading online, The Irish Review, 1911, with place names already identified. Click on Westport, then on links to more info.

11. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei11 Design implications for office software Make Context Finding utilities a standard feature of browsers, wordprocessing software, etc. Support easy incorporation of selected resources (like Bookmark libraries). Support standard search command languages.

12. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei12 Design: Reference work publishers Provide access to raw data in a structured format (CSV, XML, RDF). Use structured URLs, e.g. TOAH. Support direct search of all indexes, e.g. with separate URLs. Accept standard search command languages. Provide APIs for search. Offer “EXPLAIN” service, machine-readable as well and human-readable.

13. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei13 Design: Librarians, bibliographers Librarians and bibliographers must move from simply providing access to and description of resources to providing tools and services for aggregating and integrating resources. Link to resource EXPLAIN pages. Easy incorporation of described reference work into browsers, word processing software, e.g. click and drag. Union indexes to sets of reference works. Provide access to Search Term Recommender services.

14. Oct 2009PNC/ECAI, Taipei14 Acknowledgment This paper draws on work by several people and was partially supported by two U.S. federal government agencies: The Institute of Museum and Library Services and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Three projects: - Support for the learner (2004-06) ecai.org/imls2004 - Biographical texts (2006-09) ecai.org/imls2006 - Context and Relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies (2007-10) ecai.org/neh2007 Demos at http://metadata.berkeley.edu/demos/ buckland@ischool.berkeley.edu