1. Chapter 3
Europe

2. European Influences
Europe is a heart for many contemporary global ideas and practices
Democracy
Christianity
Colonialism
Imperialism
The Enlightenment
Nationalism
Fascism
Socialism
Communism
Genocide

3. Diversity, Conflict, and Technological Innovation
Migrations of Peoples
Early cultural groups: Greeks, Celts, Romans
Other cultural groups: Germanic & Slavic Peoples
The Rise of European Global Power
Capitalism, Colonialism & Imperialism
Industrial Revolution
Nations, States, and Nation-States
Nationalism and World Wars
Genocide

4. Natural Environment Climate Midlatitude west coast climates
Mediterranean climate
Midlatitude continental interior climate

5. Natural Environment Geologic Variety
Ancient shield areas around the Baltic Sea
Uplands of Central Europe
Iberian Meseta, Massif Central, Brittany, Rhine Highlands, Bohemian Massif, British and Norwegian uplands
Young folded mountains
Alps, Sierra Nevada, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Pindus, Carpathians, Balkans
Extensive plains
North European Plain

6. Natural Environment Long Coastlines and Navigable Rivers Peninsulas
Scandinavia, Jutland, Brittany, Iberia, Italy, Greece
Seas
Baltic, North, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean
Major Rivers
Rhine, Elbe, Danube, Rhone, Seine, Loire, Thames, Vistula, Po
Estuaries: where rivers meet the seas
Important port locations

7. Natural Environment Forests, Fertile Soils, and Marine Resources
Loess soils
Natural and Human Resources
Environmental Issues
From Forests to Farms
Impacts of industrialization
East Central Europe and the Black Triangle
Global environmental action
Mediterranean Sea
Waste Management

8. Global Changes and Local Responses
Europe after 1945
Communism
Democratic Centralism
State Socialism
Planned Economies
NATO
European Union
Supranationalism

9. Global Changes and Local Responses
Devolution within European Countries
Devolution
Local peoples desiring less rule from national governments
Euroregions
Border areas of differing countries within European Union countries where the people within them work together to make trans-boundary movement easier

10. Global Changes and Local Responses
Population Patterns
Dynamics
Low and Zero population growth rates
Exceptions: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia
Urban-Rural Shifts
Urbanization and Urban Landscapes
Gentrification
Women, Power, and Social Position

11. Global Changes and Local Responses
Changes in Europe’s Economic Geography
Productive capacity
Producer goods
Agglomeration economies
Geographic inertia
Deindustrialization

12. Global Changes and Local Responses
Planning and Privatization
Manufacturing in non-Communist Europe
1950s: locating new factories in poor areas
1970s: EU regional policy
1980s & 1990s: reduction in government protections
2000s: extensive privatization

13. Global Changes and Local Responses
Agriculture
Concentration
Intensification
Specialization
Agribusiness
Extensification
Tourism
Global City-Regions

14. Western Europe Countries France United Kingdom
The Low Countries: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Alpine Countries: Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein
Germany

15. Western Europe People: Ethnicity and Culture Economic Development
Immigrant Workforces
Guest workers
Refugees
Economic Development
Sophisticated Manufacturing Industries
Autos, airplanes
Energy Sources
Coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear
Service Industries
Producer services, productivity

16. Northern Europe Countries Sweden Denmark Iceland Norway Finland
Faeroe Islands
Greenland
Iceland
Norway
Fjords
Finland

17. Northern Europe People: Ethnicity and Culture Economic Development
Scandinavians, Finns, Sami
Evangelical Lutheran Christianity
Economic Development
Primary
Agriculture: Denmark; Wood products: Sweden, Finland; Oil and gas: Norway
Manufacturing
High-tech: Sweden
Overall: high GDP per capita

18. Mediterranean Europe Countries Portugal Spain Andorra Monaco Italy
Vatican City (Holy See)
San Marino
Malta
Greece

19. Mediterranean Europe People: Ethnicity and Culture
Romance languages, Roman Catholicism
Portuguese, Spain, Italy
Eastern Orthodox, Cyrillic alphabet
Greece

20. Mediterranean Europe Economic Development Tourism Agriculture
Market gardening
Tourism
Major industry
Historic sights
Beaches

21. East Central Europe Countries Estonia Romania Latvia Bulgaria
Lithuania
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Serbia & Montenegro
Macedonia

22. East Central Europe Yugoslavia Created following World War I Culture
Slovenes & Croats: Roman Catholic
Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians: Eastern Orthodox
Bosnians: Muslims, Roman Catholic, E. Orthodox
Devolution in 1990
Armed conflict involving Croats, Serbs, Bosnians
Kosovo

23. East Central Europe People: Ethnicity and Culture Peoples Language
Western Slavs: Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Sorbs
South Slavs: Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Bulgarians, Macedonians
Language
Slavic languages dominate
Romanian is Romance language; Estonian is Finno-Ugric

24. East Central Europe Ethnic Tensions Irredentism Ethnic cleansing
Assimilation, expulsion, extermination
Genocidal rape

25. East Central Europe Economic Development Region late to industrialize
Prior to World War I, the region was dominated by empires who treated
Dominance of Communism following World War II
Collapse of Communism
Reorientation towards Western Europe
Most successful: Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Baltic countries