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Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6
Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds- Chapter 6 Atoms __________are the building blocks of matter. Neutrons and protons are located at the _____________of the atom. __________are positively charged particles. __________are particles that have no charge. ________are negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus.
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There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally.
Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Elements An ________is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. There are over ______known elements, _______of which occur naturally.
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________________Isotopes
Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds ________Atoms of the same element, having the same number of protons & electrons but have a different number of _____________ ________________Isotopes When a nucleus breaks apart, it gives off __________that can be detected and used for many applications. Healthy person Alzheimer’s patient
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Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Compounds A _________substance formed when two or more different elements combine in a specific _____________. Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler compounds or elements by ____________means.
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_______________bonds
Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Chemical Bonds _______________bonds Chemical bond that forms when ______________________ A ____________is a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
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Section 1 Chemistry in Biology Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Ionic Bonds Attraction between _________oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. One element gives up an electron to the other. Reactants and Products A _____________is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into ________________substances.
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Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Chemical formulas describe the substances in the reaction and arrows indicate the process of change. ______________are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow. ______________are the substances formed during the reaction, on the right side of the arrow.
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Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water. Let’draw
Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water. Let’draw The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Energy of Reactions Let’s draw The _____________ is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
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This reaction is exothermic and _________________.
Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions This reaction is exothermic and _________________. Let’s draw The energy of the product is ____________ of the reactants.
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This reaction is endothermic and _______________.
Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions This reaction is endothermic and _______________. Let’s draw The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.
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It does not increase how much product is made and it does not get used
Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions Enzymes A ________is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. It does not increase how much product is made and it does not get used up in the reaction. _____________are biological catalysts.
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Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called _____________________. The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the _________________. Let’s draw
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Section 2 Chemistry in Biology Chemical Reactions The active site changes shape and forms the ___________________ complex, which helps chemical bonds in the reactants to be broken and new bonds to form. Factors such as ________, temperature, and other substances affect enzyme activity.
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__________________Polarity
Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions __________________Polarity Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called __________molecules. Polarity is the property of having ______opposite poles. A _______________is a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and another element. Let’s draw.
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________________________Mixtures
Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions ________________________Mixtures A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout A _______________is a substance in which another substance is dissolved. A ___________is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
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__________________Mixtures
Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions __________________Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the components remain ____________. Let’s draw.
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Water and Solutions Acids and Bases
Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions Acids and Bases Substances that release ________________(H+) when dissolved in water are called ________. Substances that release ________________(OH–) when dissolved in water are called _________. Let’s draw
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The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______.
Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions pH and Buffers The measure of concentration of ______in a solution is called ______. Let’s draw Acidic solutions have pH values ______than _____. Basic solutions have pH values _______than ____.
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Section 3 Chemistry in Biology Water and Solutions ____________are mixtures that can react with _________or _______to keep the pH within a particular range. Let’s draw
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Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Organic Chemistry Let’s draw The element __________ is a component of almost all biological molecules.
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The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Carbon has _______electrons in its outermost energy level. One carbon atom can form ___________covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, ____________chains, and ___________.
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_________________________
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life _________________________ Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules. ______________are large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. ______________ are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked together by a series of ______________________bonds.
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Making and Breaking Polymers
_______________ reaction – a reaction that removes a molecule of _______in order to build a polymer. ______________ – (essentially the reverse of dehydration reaction) the bond between two monomers is broken by the addition of a _____________molecule.
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Let’s draw Dehydration and Hydrolysis
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____________________
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life ____________________ Compounds composed of _______, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom—(________)n Let’s draw
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Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________.
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Two monosaccharides joined together form a _______________________. Longer carbohydrate molecules are called _________________________.
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_____________________
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life _____________________ Molecules made mostly of _____and hydrogen A ________________is a fat if it is _______ at room temperature and an oil if it is _______________at room temperature. Let’s draw
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Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Lipids that are saturated fats - have only single _______ ______ between the carbon atoms. Lipids that are unsaturated - have at least one ____________ bond between carbon. Fats with more than one double bond in the tail are called ____________fats.
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Saturated vs. unsaturated Let’s draw
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__________________ Monomer – amino acid
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life __________________ Monomer – amino acid __________________are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
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The Building Blocks of Life
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life Let’s draw
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When two amino acids are bonded together through dehydration reaction, a _____________ bond is formed.
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The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins _____________– The number and the order in which the amino acids are joined. ________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides.
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The Building Blocks of Life - Proteins
_____________– The overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide. __________________- Bonding interaction with other polypeptides
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The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids
Section 4 Chemistry in Biology The Building Blocks of Life – Nucleic Acids _______________are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. Nucleotides – the monomer that builds Nucleic acids. Let’s draw
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