1. Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows
IOS110
Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows
Session 3 1

2. Objectives: Installing Windows XP – Attended mode
Installing Windows XP – Unattended mode
Multi-boot with Linux

3. Attended Installation

4. Attended Installation
Hardware Requirements
The following are the requirements (minimum and recommended to install Windows XP:
Component Minimum Recommended
CPU Pentium-compatible 233MHx Pentium-compatible 300MHz+
Memory 64MB MB + (4GB maximum)
HardDisk 2GB with 1.5GB free space 2GB+ free space (2TB maximum)
Networking Network adapter card Network adapter card
Display VGA adapter and monitor SVGA adapter and monitor
CD-ROM 12x x
Accessories Keyboard and pointing device Keyboard and pointing device 4

5. Attended Installation
Type of Install
There are two basic classifications of install:
Clean Install
all settings and information is lost
Upgrade Install
Retains registry and account information
Upgrade possible from:
Win98
WinME
Win NT 4.0 Workstation
Win2000 Professional
Upgrade to one of the above or perform a clean install if you have
Win 3.1
Win95
Win NT < 4.0
You must perform a clean install for all other non-Windows O/S (UNIX, MS-DOS, Linux, OS/2...) 5

6. Attended Installation
Partitioning Hard Drive
The set up program will provide you with choices, depending on your current HD configuration:
New, unpartitioned disk: you must create partition(s)
Existing partitioned disk with partition large enough for WinXP: you may install on this partition
No existing partitions large enough: You may create a partition from HD freespace, provided it meets minimum requirements
You may delete existing contiguous partitions to create enough freespace for WinXP install. Deleted partitions will loose all information. Backup partitions to be deleted before altering your partition table.
The partition for WinXP must be what size minimum? Recommended?
Virtual Memory Manager uses some of this space. (What does VMM manage? What is the name of the file?) 6

7. Attended Installation
Partitioning Hard Drive, continued
For installations, the set up program creates temporary folder called $Win_NT$.~bt
For installations over the network, it also creates $Win_NT$.~ls
The folder sizes are dependent on cluster size of the disk, and can be found at the end of:
\I386\TXTSETUP.SIF
TempDirSpace512 = ,
TempDirSpace1K = ,
TempDirSpace2K = ,
TempDirSpace4K = ,
TempDirSpace8K = ,
TempDirSpace16K = ,
TempDirSpace32K = ,
TempDirSpace64K = ,
TempDirSpace128K = ,
TempDirSpace256K = , 7

8. Attended Installation
Partitioning Hard Drive, continued
New partitions must be formatted.
Selecting the format will define the accessibility of the data on the partition:
FAT(16) - MS-DOS compatible, inefficient for partitions > 511MB
FAT32 - Minimum partition size is 512MB. Less error prone than FAT
NTFS - Allows for more granular security, file encryption, disk quotas, faster
NTFS is the preferred format for WinXP, however if you are setting up multi-boot, the data on the NTFS partition will be unavailable to non-WinXP operating systems (Win98, Linux, etc). 8

9. Attended Installation
Network Setup
Must choose between:
Workgroup
Domain
How do these differ based on:
Administration?
Security?
Size?
Types of servers? 9

10. Attended Installation
Testing System Compatibility
To ensure that the PC meets the requirements there are three official (and one unofficial) method to check:
From the set up screen at the beginning of the install, select “Check system compatibility”
From a command line prompt execute \i386\winnt32 /checkupgradeonly
Download a utility from Microsoft called chkupgrd.exe, and run it from a command prompt.
Unofficially, check the requirements against the list provided earlier.
The utilities produce a summary report of potential problems and display it. There is also a file created called upgrade.txt 10

11. Attended Installation
Upgrade Tasks
The following must be performed before running an upgrade:
Virus scanner disabled or uninstalled
Remove older antivirus applications, disk quota applications, power management tools
Upgrade software that may otherwise fail when running under WinXP
Uncompress drives that have been compressed using utilities such as DriveSpace or DoubleSpace.
Backup and remove any volume sets or stripe sets on basic disks
User State Migration Tool
- to capture and transfer user files and setting from one computer to another
- helpful when upgrading a user's PC to new hardware with a new install of WinXP
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard
Alternative to USMT, simplest method if only a few computers are affected 11

12. Attended Installation
Installing from a CD-ROM
The PC must be capable of booting from CD-ROM, and be configured to boot from CD-ROM before checking the HD (if another O/S already exists)
What if PC does not boot from CD-ROM?
You can download from Microsoft a utility that will create a set of floppy disks (6 disks) with which you can boot the PC and then resume installation from CD-ROM.
Install / use existing O/S on the PC that does recognize CD-ROM, such as MS-DOS. Must run \i386\winnt.exe to begin installation (not winnt32.exe)
Four Stages:
Set up program – text based
Set up wizard
Windows networking components
Completion of set up 12

13. Attended Installation
Set up Program
If set up program detects an existing, upgradable, version of Windows, it gives you the opportunity to Upgrade.
You cannot have repartitioned your HD for this to occur
If you choose “New Installation (Advanced)”, you will be given the opportunity to partition the HD. Do not perform this is you download updated set up files to the only partition that you have and you wish to repartition your HD. 13

14. Attended Installation
Set up Wizard
Responsible for:
Regional and Language options
Personalize your software (your name and organisation's name)
Computer name and administrator password
Computer name must be unique to the network
Maximum 63 characters
Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-)
May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers
Date and time settings 14

15. Attended Installation
Installing from a CD-ROM
Set up Wizard:
Responsible for:
Regional and Language options
Personalize your software (your name and organisation's name)
Computer name and administrator password
Computer name must be unique to the network
Maximum 63 characters
Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-)
May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers
Date and time settings 15

16. Attended Installation
Networking Components
Network card automatically configured
Select Workgroup or Domain
Configure the network services if your need something other than a DCHP set up 16

17. Attended Installation
Completion of Set up
Installs Start Menu
Registers components
Saves configuration
Removes temporary files
Restarts the computer
Adjusts screen resolution 17

18. Attended Installation
Newly Installed Computer
Select how the computer will connect to the network
Enter additional user accounts (you can up to 5 accounts on this page, you can add more after the install has finished) 18

19. Attended Installation
Optional Components
After installation has completed, you can add or remove optional Windows XP components.
Start -> Control Panel -> Add or Remove Programs
There is a menu on the left that includes Add/Remove Windows Components:
Accessories and Utilities
e.g. games
Fax services
Indexing Service
Full text search feature for data on the computer or network
Internet Information Service (IIS)
To run a website from the computer – including web and FTP services
Management and Monitoring Tools
Installs SNMP and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
Message Queuing Services
To control data flow to destinations and ensuring their delivery
MSN Explorer
Internet exploration tool
Networking Services
Network File and Print services
permits sharing local resources with UNIX and Macintosh computers 19

20. Attended Installation
Optional Components - continued
Smart tags support
Enables new Internet Explorer functionality
Update Root Certificates
Downloads current root certificates for secure web browsing, and software delivery 20

21. Network Installation

22. Network Installation Network Installation
This is still an attended installation – the installation files happened to reside on a server.
Distribution Server
Create a shared folder on a drive with at least 1.5GB of freespace
Copy the I386 folder to this folder
Local Computer
Connect to distribution server
Run set up program winnt.exe or winnt32.exe as appropriate 22

23. Network Installation Setup Program Command Switches
There are some switches that can be used with winnt.exe and/or winnt32.exe to control its function:
/a Enable accessibility options
/e:command command to be executed at end of GUI-mode setup
/m:folder Folder from which replacement files are to be copied
/s:sourcepath Where to find the I386 folder
/t:tempdrive for winnt.exe only. Where to place temporary setup files
/u:answerfile for winnt.exe only. For unattended installation
/udf:id,UDFfile For unattended install. The ID is in the Uniqueness Database File
Modifies answers for specific PCs (ID).
/checkupgradeonly for winnt32.exe only. Checks PC for compatibility
/copydir:folder Copy optional folder to system root folder (repeat as necessary) 23

24. Network Installation Setup Program Command Switches - continued
/copysource:folder for winnt32.exe only. Copies optional folder to system root
folder, then deletes it after install
/cmd:command for winnt32.exe only. Execute command after set up, but
before final system restart
/debug[level]:[filename] for winnt32.exe only. Log information at specified
levels:
1 error, 2 warning, 3 informational, 4 detailed
/syspart:drive for winnt32.exe only. Copies setup files to specified drive,
marks drive active. Can then move the drive to another
PC and resume setup after booting up.
/tempdrive:letter for winnt32.exe only. Copy temporary files to drive
/unattended:answerfile for winnt32.exe only. File contains answers for customized
setup specifications
/cmdcons for winnt32.exe only. Installs recovery console during setup 24

25. Common Problems Problem and Solution
Setup reports insufficient disk space:
Minimum is 1.5GB required
Unable to join domain during installation
Check physical connection
Has the user account been created
If the computer name is being recreated in this install, delete and re-add the computer account
Check domain name
Check that DNS is working correctly
Join a workgroup instead so that installation can be completed. Sort out error afterwards
Stop Message
Check the PC against the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
Ensure drivers are up-to-date by checking vendor websites
Remove non-essential peripherals
CD-ROM media problems
Defective CD-ROM
Dirty or scratched CD-ROM
Ensure CD-ROM drive supports El-Torito specification 25

26. Common Problems Problem and Solution - continued
BIOS virus checker reports a computer virus after reboot
Disable BIOS virus checker until after installation complete
Failure of a dependency service to start
Common in later stages of installation
Can be caused by misconfiguration of, or malfunctioning network adapter card
Check that computer name is unique
Error Loading Operating System
Can occur if setup formats a partition as NTFS and the disk geometry was reported incorrectly
Try smaller NTFS partition size (4GB or less)
Format using FAT32 26

27. Common Problems Log Files
The following files may help in diagnosing installation problems:
setupact.log
A.K.A. the Action log
contains chronological order of all files copied locally during setup
Includes registry entries
Includes entries to Error log
Messages related to improper entries in autoexec.bat and config.sys
setupact.txt
Contains additional information about device driver files copied during setup
setuperr.log
A.K.A. the Error log
Records all errors that occurred during setup
Can be used to determine the severity of the error
comsetup.log
Errors related to optional Component manager and COM+ components 27

28. Common Problems Log Files -continued setupapi.log
Contains entries for each line of a .inf file that is implemented, or not implemented correctly
netsetup.log
Records activities related to joining a workgroup or a domain
Logs network computer, workgroup and domain validation events
mmdet.log
Record of detected multimedia devices
Logs installation and resource allocation such as port ranges for each device 28

29. Unattended Installation

30. Unattended Installation
Levels of Automation
There are four levels of automated installation
Small office / home office
Regular install using CD-ROM
Slightly Larger Installs
Use Setup Manager to create an answer file, and install from the winnt.exe or winnt32.exe program
Large Offices
Using the network, and a RIS server (Remote Install Service)
Large offices without Remote Boot
Use System Preparation Tool (sysprep.exe) 30

31. Unattended Installation
Setup Manager
Must be extracted from Windows XP CD-ROM.
Used for
Unattended install
RIS Install
SysPrep Install
Creates:
unattend.txt - Answer file for Set Up GUI
unattend.udb - Uniqueness Database
unattend.bat - Batch file to launch the unattended install
If running install by booting from CD-ROM, place the answer file on a floppy disk and call it winnt.sif, the UDF file is called winnt.udf
Substituting Values from UDF into Answer File
Answer File UDF File Uses
Key specified Key not specified Answer File
Key specified Key specified UDF File
Key not specified Key specified UDF File
Key not specified Key specified, no value Value not set, may prompt user
Section/Key not specified Section/key specified UDF File 31

32. Unattended Installation
SysPrep
Copies entire configuration including installed applications and files to another computer
Requires use of third-party disk imaging software
Steps:
Create reference computer - the model
Create image of reference computer
Deploy to target PCs
Boot up target PC – answer configuration questions 32

33. Unattended Installation
Remote Installation Service
Remote boot of PC (requires PXE-enabled network adapter)
Requires a Win2K server or .NET server with DHCP, DNS, and Active Directory (PDC), and RIS.
For PCs that not have or support PXE network adapters, a bootable floppy can be created that simulated PXE 33