1. Technology in Action Alan Evans Kendall Martin Mary Anne Poatsy Twelfth Edition

2. Technology in Action Chapter 11 Behind the Scenes: Databases and Information Systems

3. Database Basics Database Building Blocks Database Types Database Functions Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-2

4. Database Building Blocks Objectives 1.What is a database, and why is using one beneficial? 2.What do database management systems do? 3.What components make up a database? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-3

5. Database Types Objective 4.What types of databases are there? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-4

6. Database Functions Objective 5.How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-5

7. Database Building Blocks A database is a collection of related data, which can be:  Stored  Sorted  Organized  Queried Databases make data more meaningful and useful Databases turn data into information Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-6

8. Database Building Blocks Advantages of Using Databases Databases can manage large amounts of data efficiently Databases make information sharing possible Databases promote data integrity Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-7

9. Database Building Blocks Disadvantages of Using Databases Disadvantages of databases  Can be more time-consuming and expensive to set up and administer  Care is needed to insure they function as intended  Administrator is responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining databases Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-8

10. Database Building Blocks Planning and Creating the Database How data tables are created  Step 1: Input unique field names  Step 2: Define the data type  Step 3: Set a maximum field size  Step 4: Set a default value if necessary  Repeat for each field in the table Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-9

11. Database Types Three major types of databases are:  Relational  Object-oriented  Multidimensional Relational databases are the most commonly used Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-10

12. Database Types Relational Databases Relational database  Organizes data in table format  Logically groups similar data into a relation  Common field in one table (primary key) linked to common field (foreign key) in second table  Need to keep data in related tables synchronized Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-11

13. Database Types Object-Oriented Databases Store data in objects rather than tables Contain methods for processing or manipulating data Can store more types of data than relational databases Can access data faster Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-12

14. Database Types Multidimensional Databases Stored data can be analyzed from different perspectives (dimensions) Relational database has only two dimensions (fields and records) Multidimensional databases organize in cube format Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-13

15. Database Functions Functions  Populate the database by creating records  Allow users to extract subsets of data from the database  Output the data in a meaningful and presentable format Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-14

16. How Businesses Use Databases Database Warehousing and Storage Business Intelligence Systems Data Mining Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-15

17. Database Warehousing and Storage Objective 6.What are data warehouses and data marts, and how are they used? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-16

18. Business Intelligence Systems Objective 7.What is a business intelligence system, and what types of business intelligence systems are used by decision makers? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-17

19. Data Mining Objective 8.What is data mining, and how does it work? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 11-18

20. Data Warehousing and Storage Data Warehouse Large-scale collection of data Contains and organizes data in one place Data comes from multiple databases Consolidates information from various systems Presents enterprise-wide view of operations Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-19

21. Data Warehousing and Storage Data Marts Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-20

22. Business Intelligence Systems Software-based solutions to gather and analyze information  Deliver up-to-the-minute data Integral because they store the functional information  All perform similar functions Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-21

23. Business Intelligence Systems Office Support Systems What an office support system accomplishes  Office support system (OSS) is designed to improve communications and assist employees in accomplishing tasks Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-22

24. Business Intelligence Systems Transaction-Processing Systems Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-23

25. Business Intelligence Systems Transaction-Processing Systems Batch processing  Data is accumulated, then several transactions are processed at once  Appropriate for activities that are not time-sensitive  Often more efficient Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-24

26. Business Intelligence Systems Management Information Systems Management information system (MIS)  Provides timely and accurate information  Enables managers to make critical decisions  Directs outgrowth of TPS  Powerful if organized and outputted in useful form  Often included as a feature of TPS Can generate various reports Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-25

27. Business Intelligence Systems Decision Support Systems Decision support system (DSS)  Another type of business intelligence system  Designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems  Uses information from databases and data warehouses  Users can add own insights and experiences to solution Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-26

28. Business Intelligence Systems Decision Support Systems How DSS get data Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-27

29. Data Mining Data mining  Process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated  Objective is to spot significant patterns and trends that would not be obvious Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-28

30. Check Your Understanding 1.What is a database, and why is using one beneficial? 2.What do database management systems do? 3.What components make up a database? 4.What types of databases are there? 5.How do relational databases organize and manipulate data? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-29

31. Check Your Understanding 6.What are data warehouses and data marts, and how are they used? 7.What is a business intelligence system, and what types of business intelligence systems are used by decision makers? 8.What is data mining, and how does it work? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.11-30

32. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.