1. Ancient Civilizations History of the people and events from the development of mankind to the Roman Empire.

2. Hunter-Gathering Societies Development of tools Use of fire Location of communities and how early humans adapted to a variety of environments Climatic changes and human modification of the physical environment. Domestication of plants and animals Sources of clothing and shelter

3. Mesopotamia, Egypt & Kush River systems that supported permanent settlements Development of agricultural techniques Emergence of cities as centers of culture and power Relationships between religion and social/political order Significance of Hammurabi’s Code Egyptian art and architecture Role of Egyptian trade Queen Hatsheput and Ramses the Great Kush civilization Evolution of language and writing

4. Ancient Hebrews Origins and significance of Judaism Concept of one God with moral laws for humanity Ethical teachings and central beliefs of Judaism Abraham, Moses, Naomi, Ruth, David, and Johanan ben Zakkai Location of the settlements and movements of Hebrew people. Modifications of the Jewish religion after the destruction of the second Temple in 70 A.D./Diaspora

5. Ancient & Classical Greece Development of Greek City-states Governmental transitions and citizenship Tyranny, oligarchy, democracy, dictatorship Direct vs. Representative Democracy Greek mythology/Aesop’s Fables Persian Empire Athens’ and Sparta’s roles in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Alexander the Great Greek contributions in the arts and sciences

6. Ancient India Indus Valley River system Significance of the Aryan invasions Major beliefs that evolved into Hinduism Caste system Teaching and spread of Buddhism Maurya Empire Emperor Asoka Achievements

7. Ancient China Huang-He River valley Shang Dynasty Geographical features the inhibited government Teachings of Confucianism and Taoism Political and cultural problems in the time of Confucius Emperor Shi Huangdi and the Qin Dynasty Contributions of the Han Dynasty “Silk Roads” Spread of Buddhism during the Han Dynasty

8. Ancient Rome Rise of the Roman Republic Government of the Roman Republic Expansion of Roman territories into an Empire Influences of Julius Caesar and Augustus Migration of Jews around the Mediterranean and their conflict with the Romans Origins of Christianity and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth and St. Paul the Apostle The spread of Christianity Legacies of Roman art, architecture, technology, science, literature, language, and law.