1. SUSTAINABILITY Class 7: Fulfillment & Happiness POLI 294 P. Brian Fisher

2. FULFILLMENT = SUSTAINABILITY ?

3. Can $$ buy Happiness (Sci Am) American families who make over $300,000 a year donate to charity a mere 4% of their incomes. People who had won between $50k & $1mil (in 1970s dollars) were less impressed by life’s simple pleasures than people who experienced no such windfall. Although wealth may grant us opportunities to purchase many things, it simultaneously impairs our ability to enjoy those things. Argument: “having money raises our aspirations about the happiness that we expect in our daily lives, and these raised aspirations can be toxic…Unfortunately, raised aspirations don’t only lead us to take things for granted and impair our savoring abilities. They steer us to consume too much, tax the planet's resources, overspend and undersave, go into debt, gamble, live beyond our means, and purchase mortgages that we can’t afford.

6. Happiness/Income (US) 1956-1998

7. How would you rate your level of "happiness"? 93% were “happy” Most respondents were “happy” (47%) with 18% “very happy” National Happiness Survey: 31% “very happy”; our survey “18% “very happy” and 7% “very fulfilled”

8. How would you rate your level of "fulfillment" with your life? 85% of respondents were fulfilled Most are “modestly fulfilled” (39%) and 78% were Modestly Fulfilled or Fulfilled Less fulfillment than “happiness”

9. Please rank the top 3 sources of your fulfillment: AnswerResponses Children/Family 103 Spouse/significant friend 68 Friends 68 Life purpose 62 Health (own) 49 Liesure activities 39 Financial Security 34 Creative Work 33 Satisfying Needs 28 Making Money 26 Spiritual/Religious 24 Weather 12 Shopping 12

10. How much do you agree with the following: I find fulfillment through meaningful activities. #AnswerResponse% 1Strongly Disagree21% 2Disagree21% 3Neither Agree nor Disagree1610% 4Agree8051% 5Strongly Agree5636% Total156100%

11. How much do you estimate that you spend monthly on goods that are beyond survival basic needs (food,... #AnswerResponse% 1011% 25-10%3019% 310-25%5635% 425-50%4227% 550-100%2818% 6100%+11% Total158100% Less than 1% believe they don’t overconsume 62% believe they consume more than basic needs by 10-50% 45% believe they consume more than needs by 25-100%

12. I feel that I would be more fulfilled by consuming: #AnswerResponse% 1MORE128% 2LESS5434% 3NEITHER9258% Total158100% Only 8% felt that consuming more would yield more fulfillment 34% agree that consuming less yields more fulfillment Why “neither”?

13. How much do you agree with following: Affluence leads to greater fulfillment #AnswerResponse% 1Strongly Disagree106% 2Disagree4528% 3Neither Agree nor Disagree 4629% 4Agree4931% 5Strongly Agree85% Total158100% * Very even: 34% disagree, 36% agree

14. How much do you agree with the following: Consumption beyond our needs has led to greater ecological... #AnswerResponse% 1Strongly Disagree21% 2Disagree53% 3Neither Agree nor Disagree 1711% 4Agree6944% 5Strongly Agree6441% Total157100% * 85% agree (over)consumption leads to ecological damage, only 4% disagree * 26% of respondents conservative, 44% were moderate politically (either liberal or conservative)

15. Answer only if above age 30. During your lifetime, you have observed: #QuestionMuch Less LessSameMoreMuch More N/A or Don't Know #Mean 1Technology in your life 111 460 3704.86 2Sense of Community 634 10984712.87 3Trust in Government 2131 10213682.12 4Trust in Corporations 2628 8313692.04 5Knowing your Neighbors 934 13723682.53 6Meaning in life2112116135683.62 7Consumption125 2431 3664.38 8Environmental harm/damage 0129 1827 2683.97 9Belief in American ideals 5 2523 834682.87

16. During Your Lifetime, you have observed: CONCLUSIONS +/-Mean Technology+++4.86 Consumption++4.38 Enviro Harm++3.97 Meaning in Life+3.62 Sense of Community- 2.87 Belief in Amer Ideals- 2.87 Knowing Neighbors- 2.53 Trust Gov’t- - -2.12 Trust Corps- - -2.04

17. The world will be a better place for you than it was for the previous generation? #AnswerResponse% 1Strongly Disagree96% 2Disagree5032% 3Neither Agree nor Disagree5334% 4Agree4126% 5Strongly Agree43% Total157100% Even split: 38% disagree, 29% agree But, 71% believe this isn’t true or about same

18. The core purpose of College is: #AnswerResponse% 1Personal Growth/Development12378% 2Enhance material wealth from degree 2013% 3Build Relationships85% 4To prepare for graduate school74% Total158100%

19. How much do you agree with the following: "I have found my life's purpose" #AnswerResponse% 1Strongly Disagree117% 2Disagree4327% 3Neither Agree nor Disagree 4629% 4Agree5032% 5Strongly Agree74% Total157100% Even Split: 34% disagree, 36% agree But, vast majority have not found life’s purpose

20. Bivariate Regression Age – Life’s Purpose

21. Bivariate Regression Life Purpose and Fulfillment

22. Bivariate Regression Income – Basic Needs

23. Bivariate Regression Religion and Meaning/Purpose

24. Bivariate Politics & Trust

25. Bivariate Generation – Age/$

26. Data Conclusions Deeper meaning in life is HIGHLY correlated to fulfillment and happiness Money plays a limited role in developing fulfillment; Life purpose is a key for finding fulfillment Mixed results on affluence and fulfillment  FINANCIAL SECURITY is more meaningful than money or shopping Consumption is largely blind – it is NOT tethered to BASIC NEEDS. The key to deeper meaning is RELATIONSHIPS and PURPOSE (could be religious, spiritual, career, etc) Vast majority recognize that consumption beyond basic needs leads to ECOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION Most acknowledge living FAR beyond their basic needs Political Ideology plays a limited role in perception of individual daily life and ecological harm; $$ does not. Religion generates meaning, and could be an important path toward fulfillment and generating ecological awareness Solutions: Declining trust in public institutions, fewer personal relationships, higher consumption patterns, more destruction, fewer buying into American ideals Sustainability??

27. Ways to be happy from $$ Spend on 1. activities that help us grow as a person (guitar lessons), strengthen our connections with others (dinners with colleagues, car trips with friends), and contribute to our communities (catering a fundraiser, donating to the needy) 2. activities and experiences (e.g., rock climbing expeditions, wine tasting family reunions) rather than material possessions 3. many small pleasures (e.g., regular massages, weekly delivery of fresh flowers) rather than on one big-ticket item (like a new car or flat-screen TV); and 4. something that we work extremely hard to get and have to wait for (whether it’s a concert, trip, or gadget) and relish the feeling of hard- won accomplishment and anticipation

28. Sustainability = Fulfillment ? Can we sustain something without fulfillment? Happiness? Think about an individual activity? If happier people will facilitate sustainability, then what do we need to generate that? Q is how can we both address sustainability while also generating a more happy community? Final Q: Is this an activity or paradigm for the individual? Community? State? Global?