1. Physical and Mechanical Practices in Mango IPM
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2. Background
The insect populations too are generally controlled by hand picking, exclusion by barriers, trapping, suction devices, clipping, pruning, or crushing.
Mango is damaged by several insect pests viz., mango hoppers, mealy bugs, termites, stem borer, fruit fly, stone weevil, scale, leaf Webber, leaf miner, and leaf eating caterpillars.
Several physical and mechanical practices have been found effective in reducing the insect pests damage and further population buildup in mango orchards.
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3. Mealy Bugs
Alkathene sheets (400 gauges) of 25 cm width fastened around the tree trunk after mud plastering about 30 cm above ground level. with the help of sutli have been found effective barrier to stop the ascent of nymphs of mealy bug to the trees.
Grease should be applied at the lower edge of the band
The band should be fastened well in advance before the hatching of eggs of mealy bug, i.e., around November – December.
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4. Stone Weevil
Collection and destruction of infested and fallen fruits at weekly interval till fruit harvest, destruction of left over seeds in the orchard, and irradiation of fruits with KGY control stone weevil and fruit borer.
Destroy the adults in bark crevices before the trees come to flowering.
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5. Fruit Flies
Harvest crops early when mature green. As this stage of fruit maturity, crops are not susceptible to fruit fly attack.
Pick overripe fruits as these are good breeding sites for fruit flies.
Collect fallen infested rotten fruits and also remove fruits with ovipunctures and oozing clear sap from the trees if visible.
Distroy these collected fruits by dumping in a pit (40-60 cm deep) and cover with soil to eliminate all sources of possible breeding sites.
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6. Fruit Flies Physical Method Curative: Pheromone traps
Methyl eugenol sex lure traps capture male flies. Set up methyl eugenol trap in the 10/h.
Traps with pheromone + baits are used to monitor and to lessen the population density of fruit flies infesting the fruits in the
Fruit fly plastic bottle trap (April-June)
Materials Required and Procedure:
Plastic bottle, 4-6 mm iron rod, string and pheromone
Heat the iron rod. Make a hole on the base, big enough for the string or wire to pass through. Make 3-4 on side of bottle as entry holes for flies.
Insert a string or wire at the hole. Place the bait inside the bottle.
Hung the trap in a shady part of the tree just above the lower leaves.
Replace the bait as per recommendation of manufacturer.
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7. Leaf webber
Mechanical removal of infested webs by leaf web removing device and burning them reduces leaf webber population.
Pruning of infested shoots and their burning in the month of April to July is found effective.
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8. The pest should be kept in check by picking the gregarious slug caterpillars and the cocoons which are found on tree trunks and destroying them in water with a film of kerosene.
Clipping off and destruction of attacked shoots reduces further buildup of shoot borer, leaf miner, and scale insects.
Clipping and destruction of infested shoots by shoot borer, collect and destroy the infested plant parts
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9. Stem Borer Cut and destroy affected branches with grubs and pupae.
Clean hole and Pour kerosene/petrol/crude oil or formalin into the stem borer hole and subsequently close entrance of the tunnel by plugging with cotton wool and paste the mud.
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10. Psylla galls with nymphs should be collected and destroyed
Psylla galls with nymphs should be collected and destroyed. Spray 2, 4-D 150 mg/litre of water) during October opens the galls, and nymphs come out and killed with cold
Painting trees with tar and prompt removal of mud galleries may be carried out regularly for controlling the termites.
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11. Summary
After mud plastering 25 cm wide, 400 gauge alkathene (Polythene) sheet should be fastened to the tree \trunk with the help of sutili, about 30 cm above the ground level to prevent migration of freshly hatched first instar nymphs of mealy bugs in the month of November-December.
Early harvesting of mature fruits to avoid fruit fly infestation, collection and destruction of fruit fly infested fruits.
Removal of webs made by leaf webber by leaf removing device and burning them in August to September to control leaf webber.
Clipping off and destruction of attacked shoots reduces further buildup of shoot borer, leaf miner, and scale insects.
Cut and destroy stem borer affected branches with grubs and pupae
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