1. Chapter 5 - Energy Resources

2. Section 1 - Natural Resources ZNatural Resource - is any natural substance, organism, or energy form that living things use ZMost natural resources are made into products that make people’s lives more comfortable and convenient

3. Renewable Resources ZRenewable Resource - is a natural resource that can be used and replaced over a relative short period of time ZThough these resources are renewable, sometimes humans use these resources faster than they can be replaced Zi.e. trees, fish, fresh water

4. Ch. 5 Quiz 1 Z1) ___________ is any natural substance, organism, or energy form that living things use Z2) ___________ is a natural resource that can be replaced over a relatively short period of time Z3) ___________ is a natural resource that takes thousands or millions of years to replace Z4) ___________ is the use of used materials that have been reprocessed into new products ZBonus) __________ is a gaseous fossil fuel

5. Answers Z1) Natural Resource Z2) Renewable Resource Z3) Nonrenewable Resource Z4) Recycling ZBonus) Natural Gas

6. Nonrenewable Resources ZNonrenewable Resources - are natural resources that cannot be replaced, or resources that take thousands or millions of years to replace ZThe amount of nonrenewable resources on Earth are limited in respect to their availability for human use Zi.e oil, coal, natural gas, and iron

7. Conserving Natural Resources ZWhether or not the resource is renewable or nonrenewable, we should be careful how we use them ZWays to conserve resources: Z1) Turn off water sources when not in use Z2) Recycling - the use of used or discarded materials that have been reprocessed into new products Z3) Turn off electrical sources when not in use Z4) Ride a bike or walk whenever possible Z5) Carpool

8. Section 2 - Fossil Fuels ZEnergy Resources - are natural resources that humans use to produce energy ZThere are many types of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources ZAll energy released by these resources originates with the sun ZFossil Fuels - are nonrenewable energy resources that form in the Earth’s crust over millions of years from the buried remains of once living organisms ZEnergy is released from fossil fuels when they are burned

9. Liquid Fossil Fuels - Petroleum ZPetroleum - or crude oil, is an oily mixture of flammable organic compounds from which liquid fossils fuels and other products are separated ZForms from microscopic sea life that dies, settles to the bottom of the ocean and gets buried ZPetroleum is separated into several types of products at refineries including: Z1) gasoline Z2) jet fuel Z3) kerosene Z4) diesel fuel

10. Solid Fossil Fuels - Coal ZCoal - is a solid fossil fuel formed underground from buried, decomposed plant material ZIt is the only fossil fuel that is a rock ZIt was once the leading source of energy in the U.S. (during the 1800 and 1900’s) ZCoal is used much less today because it produces large amounts of air pollution, and better energy sources are now available.

11. Gaseous Fossil Fuels - Natural Gas ZNatural Gas - are gaseous forms of fossil fuels ZMost natural gas is used for heating and generating electricity ZThe main component in natural gas is methane ZOther components include butane and propane, each having their own uses

12. How Do Fossil Fuels Form? ZAll fossil fuels form from the buried remains of ancient organisms ZDifferent types of fossil fuels form in different ways ZPetroleum and Natural gas form mainly from the remains of microscopic sea life ZAfter the organisms die they settle to the bottom of the ocean and eventually get trapped in rock ZOver millions of years chemical and physical changes turn these organisms into petroleum and natural gas

13. ZCoal forms differently than natural gas and petroleum ZCoal forms underground over millions of years from decayed swamp plants ZSo when these plants die they sink to the bottom of the swamp ZThis begins the process of coal formation (pg. 114): ZStage 1- Peat (60% carbon) ZStage 2 - Lignite (70% Carbon) ZStage 3 - Bituminous Coal (80% Carbon) ZStage 4 - Anthracite (90% Carbon)

14. Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?  Fossil fuels are found in many parts of the world both on land and under the sea  The U.S. has large reserves of petroleum, natural gas, and coal ZMost oil and gas is found in California, Louisiana, and Texas ZDespite this the U.S. still imports 1/2 of its oil from the Middle East, South America, and Africa

15. How Do Humans Obtain Fossil Fuels? ZPetroleum and Natural Gas are removed from the Earth by drilling into rocks that contain them ZOil wells exist both on land and seas ZCoal is obtained either by mining deep beneath the Earth or by strip mining

16. Dealing with Fossil-Fuel Problems ZSo, what can be done to solve fossil-fuel problems? ZFinding alternative energy sources ZRiding on public transportation (bus, trolley, trains, etc) ZBike, Walk, Skateboard, Carpooling, Scooter

17. Problems with Fossil Fuels ZSome scientists believe that burning fossil fuels is significantly increasing the amount of CO 2 leading to global warming ZWhen coal burned sulfur dioxide is formed ZWhen sulfur dioxide mixes with water it forms sulfuric acid Z Acid Precipitation - is rain or snow tht has a high acid content due mainly to air pollution ZBurning petroleum products can cause smog ZSmog - is a photochemical fog produce from the reaction of sunlight with air pollution

18. Chapter 5 Quiz 2 Z1) ___________ are natural resources that humans use to produce energy Z2)___________, or crude oil, is an oily mixture of flammable compounds from which liquid fossil fuels are separated Z3) ___________ is the only solid fossil fuel Z4)____________ is rain or snow that has a higher than normal acid level Z5) ___________ is a photochemical fog produce from the reaction of pollution with sunlight ZBonus) __________ is organic matter that contains stored energy

19. Section 3 - Alternative Resources ZThe energy needs for industry, transportation, and housing are mostly met by electricity ZMost electricity is produced using fossil fuels ZWhat is the problem with using fossil fuels? ZWhen burned they cause pollution ZThey are nonrenewable ZTo continue our present lifestyles alternative resources (new sources of energy) must be found

20. Splitting the Atom ZNuclear Energy - is an alternative source of energy that is derived from the nuclei of atoms ZNuclear energy is produced through a process know as fission ZFission is a process where the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split in half and energy is released ZThe energy released in a nuclear power plant is used to make steam, which turns a turbine on a generator which produces electricity.

21. Pro & Cons of Nuclear Energy ZNuclear power plants provide alternative energy without polluting like fossil fuels, BUT, ZThey produce radioactive wastes ZRadioactive wastes must be stored for thousands of years until they lose their radioactivity. ZA safe place must be found to store these wastes so radiation does not escape into the environment.

22. Sitting in the Sun ZSolar Energy - is energy from the sun. ZEveryday the Earth receives more than enough solar energy to meet all of our energy needs ZSolar energy is renewable ZThere are two common ways we use solar energy Z1) Changing solar energy directly into electricity by using solar cells ZA single solar cell can only produce a tiny amount of energy ZThis is perfect for something small like a calculator ZTo produce electricity for larger objects (ie. House) you need thousands of cells ZSolar panels with thousands of cells in them are used

23. Z2) Another way to use solar energy is by direct heating through solar collectors ZSolar collectors are dark colored boxes that become very hot ZLiquid (water) filled tubes run through the box, which heats up the liquid ZThis is a good way to heat up water and store it in a water heater ZPROBLEMS WITH SOLAR CELLS/COLLECTORS ZCOST ZEFFECIENCY

24. Large-Scale Solar Power

25. Capture the Wind ZWind Energy - is the energy found in the wind ZYou can see how much energy there is in wind when there is a hurricane or tornado ZWind energy can also be used by humans to create electricity ZBy attaching a generator to a large windmill you can produce electricity with the wind ZPros ZDoes not cause pollution ZIt is renewable ZCan be built in 3 - 6 months ZCons ZIt isn’t always windy everywhere, all the time  Wind only blows strong enough to produce electricity in a few places

26. Hydroelectric Energy ZHydroelectric Energy - uses falling water to produce electricity ZWater is passed through the opening in a dam, where it spins a turbine connected to a generator producing electricity ZPros ZProduces little pollution ZIt is renewable ZCons ZIt is not available everywhere ZCan only be produced from large volumes of stored water ZBuilding dams can disrupt wildlife habitats

27. Powerful Plants ZBiomass - is organic matter that contains stored energy ZOnce living things, like plants and trees can be used as energy sources ZYou usually burn them to release the energy ZPlant material can also be changed into liquid fuel ZPlants that contain sugars can be made into alcohol. ZGasohol - a mixture of plant alcohol and gasoline ZPros ZRenewable resource ZCons ZIt takes a lot of land to grow ZIt takes up space that could use for food

28. Deep Heat ZGeothermal Energy - is energy produced by heat within the Earth’s crust ZIn some locations rainwater enters the ground near magma ZThe water turns into steam, and hot water and steam escapes to the Earth’s surface ZGeothermal power plants use the steam to produce electricity and heat buildings