1. The Keystone XL Pipeline Paridhi R.

2. Outline Background Information What is it? Crude Oil Construction Stakeholders The Big Issue

3. What is the Keystone? Transports synthetic crude oil and “dilbit” from the tar oil sands (Keystone pipeline, 2012)

4. Crude Oil (What is crude oil and what is it used for?, 2004)

5. Tar Sands Composed of Carbon-rich materials Used for gasoline, etc. Canada is the world’s largest bitumen depositor (Keystone XL is Pipeline is Devastating to the Environment and Will Not Create Jobs, 2012.)

6. What is the Keystone XL? Expansion of the Keystone From Alberta to Texas Destroy ecosystems and wildlife Proposed in 2008

7. Phases of the Pipelines Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

8. Phase 1 The Keystone pipeline Already been constructed (since 2010)

9. Phase 2 Expansion from Nebraska to Oklahoma Constructed in 2011

10. Phase 3 Proposed expansion from Oklahoma to Texas

11. Phase 4 Proposed expansion from Alberta to Montana

12. The Route

13. Purpose of the XL Transport crude oil and tar sands oil to the US

14. Construction? Rumors say early 2013 Rejected on January 18, 2012 Re-proposal by TransCanada $7.0 billion+ (Keystone xl pipeline, 2011)

15. Why was the project rejected? Oil spill response plans Safety Green house gas concerns Keystone pipeline, 2012)

16. Stakeholders Obama Canadian Government Construction workers US citizens Canadian citizens TransCanada

17. Providers of gas/oil related storage Responsible for the North American energy infrastructure Shareholder in, and own TC PipeLines LP (About us, 2009)

18. Review 36-inch, stretching 2000 miles Through Canada to the US Tar sands heated 150 degrees+ Carry 900 000 barrels of crude oil (Brecher & Smith, n.d)

19. THE BIG QUESTION

20. What negative environmental impacts will the Keystone XL Pipeline cause?

21. Impacts Pollutes: Pipeline spills Air Water Harms: Wildlife

22. Pipeline Spills Previous oil spills effect the permit of oil pipelines Long-term damage to the economy and ecosystem

25. Air Pollution Harmful to the air we breathe Construction of pipeline causes general pollution Higher Carbon emissions

26. Water Pollution Ogallala Aquifer Separating crude oil from sand, silt and clay Using 400 million gallons of water per day Tailing ponds

27. Harming Wildlife Toxic sludge gets into waterways CO 2 emissions melting ice caps Spills coat animals in oil (Animals | oil sands truth, n.d.)

28. Canadian Government Approve of the Keystone XL “Better for the economy.” (Savage, 2012)

29. US Government Feel that it should be constructed

32. Solutions Recovering alternative oil sources Keep protesting (Worthington, 2012)

33. Conclusion Produce 1 barrel of crude oil: Extracting 4 tons of Earth Contaminating millions of barrels of fresh water Burning natural gas Creating tailing ponds

34. Is it worth it?