1. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are their lives different? Muriel Poston, Ph.D. Dean of the Faculty and Professor, Biology Department Skidmore College

2. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Changes in doctoral degree recipients over the last several decades  Changes in faculty demographics  Changes in Faculty work

3. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E and non-S&E fields to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex: 1989–2008

4. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Concurrent with the changes in doctoral degree recipients have been changes in faculty composition  Increasing number of female faculty  Differential representation in institutional types by gender

5. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006) Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E fields to minority U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex and race/ethnicity: 1989–2008

6. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006) National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Racial/ethnic and gender shares of doctoral degrees to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007 Percent 60 All fields 50 STEM 40 Education 30 Health 20 Other non- 10 STEM 0 URM URM men AsianAsianWhite women menwomenmen URM = underrepresented minority. Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Asian includes Pacific Islander. Racial/ethnic groups refer to U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007. 14

7. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006) National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Racial/ethnic and gender shares of STEM doctoral degrees to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007 Percent 60 50 Engineering 40 Physical sciences 30 Biological sciences 20 Social 10 sciences 0 URMURM men Asian Asian men White White men women URM = underrepresented minority. Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Physical sciences includes mathematics, computer sciences, and earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences. Biological sciences includes agricultural sciences. Social sciences includes psychology. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007. 17

8.  Within all racial/ethnic groups, women have almost reached parity or receive a higher proportion of degrees in biological and social sciences  Within all racial/ethnic groups, women continue to lag behind men in degree attainment in engineering and the physical sciences STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

9. AAUP: Trends in Faculty Status, 1975-2003 (all institutions, national totals) 1975 1995 2003 FT Tenured : 227,381 (36.5%) 284,870 (30.6%) 282,429 (24.1%) FT Ten Track: 126,300 (20.3%) 110,311 (11.8%) 128,602 (11.0%) FT Non-Track: 80,883 (13.0%) 155,641 (16.7%) 219,388 (18.7%) Pt Time : 188,000 (30.2%) 380,884 (40.9%) 543,137 (46.3%) (Contingent: 65.0%) Total: 622,564 (100%) 931,706 (100%) 1,173,556 (100.0%) Source: US Department of Education, IPEDS Fall Staff Survey; EEOC, EEO-6 Survey Compiled by AAUP Research Office, Washington, DC; John W. Curtis, Director Of Research (5/05)

10. Proportion of FT Faculty at all Degree granting institutions: 2009  Gender: 57% men 43% women  Race/ethnicity: White: 75.6% Black: 5.4% Am. Indian: 0.5% Hispanic: 3.8% Asian: 8.2% NR alien: 4.2% NCES: Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2009

11. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006) National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex and race/ethnicity: 2006 White women 22% Asian men Asian women 9% 3% Black men 2% Black women 1% Hispanic men 2% Hispanic women 1% Other men 1% Other women White men 0% 59% Note: Other includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and multiple race/ethnicity. Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2006. 7

12.  In the 21 st century women have a higher participation rate in higher education than men  Women doctoral degree recipients in non- S&E fields have exceed men over the last two decades  Women doctoral degree recipients in S&E fields have continued to increase over the same period but have yet to reach parity with men STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

13. Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives are underrepresented in STEM disciplines URM women are a smaller percentage of STEM graduates than Whites or Asians and less likely to be employed in STEM fields Asian and White women earn a higher percentage of degrees in STEM than URM women, BUT at a lower percentage than Asian or White men STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

14. Changes in Academic Employment for Women  1973: 9% of all academic S&E employment 7% of full time faculty  2006: 30% of all academic S&E employment 33% of full time faculty NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

15. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering (December 2006) Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex and Carnegie classification of employer: 2003

16. Proportion of female faculty in tenured or tenure-track S&E positions (2006)  28% of all full time T/TT positions  42% at rank of Asst. Professor/Instructor  34% at rank of Associate Professor  19% at rank of Full Professor  Life Sciences 32.3% of T/TT positions 26.2% of Full Professors NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

17. Comparison of female faculty in tenured or tenure-track S&E positions  Research Universities: 22.9% T/TT 15.6% Full Professors  Liberal Arts Colleges 27.1% T/TT 15.8% Full Professors NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

18. AAUP Faculty Distribution by Rank at Liberal Arts Colleges Men  Full Professor 22.2%  Assoc. Professor 16%  Asst. Professor 15.1%  Lecturer 0.7% Women  Full Professor 10.4%  Assoc. Professor 12.8%  Asst. Professor 15.9%  Lecturer 1.0% AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08

19. AAUP Faculty Salary Comparison for Liberal Arts Colleges Men  Full Professor $95,724  Assoc. Professor $70,034  Asst. Professor $57,179  Lecturer $47,930 Women  Full Professor $91,360  Assoc. Professor $68,970  Asst. Professor $56,092  Lecturer $47,438 AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08

20. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 Women as a percentage of S&E doctoral degrees, full-time full professors, and full-time tenure-track faculty: 2006

21. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 Science and engineering doctorate holders employed in 4-year colleges or universities who are women, by type of position: 2006

22.  Structural Barriers that affect the multiple identities of faculty of color in STEM disciplines: Degree attainment Glass ceiling Mentoring/Role Models Balancing Faculty Roles:  Teaching, Research, Service Work/Family STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

23. STEM Faculty From Underrepresented Groups  Work/Life Balance: Partner Accommodation Stop-the-clock  Progression through rank

24. STEM Faculty From Underrepresented Groups  Current Challenges in Faculty Work Pedagogical Innovation to enhance student engagement Increased student demand for High Impact Experiences:  Undergraduate research  Credit bearing internships Increasing institutional service and research administrative responsibility

25. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Demographics of student populations are changing  Increasing Female student populations  Increasing Students of Color

26. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 U.S. population 18–24 years old, by race/ethnicity: July 1990–99 and projections to 2050

27. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 Bachelor’s degrees awarded in S&E and non-S&E fields, by sex: 1966–2004

28. SOURCE: Women, Minorities and Persons With Disabilities in Science and Engineering-2004 Bachelor’s degrees awarded to racial/ethnic groups in S&E fields: 2004

29. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Students from URG have a higher representation in MSIs: 32% of degree granting institutions are MSIs 58% of students from URG enrolled in MSIs Higher proportion of MSIs are open admission

30. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Within each racial/ethnic group, the top baccalaureate granting schools for men and women are mostly the same schools For Hispanic men and women, the top degree granting schools are largely in Puerto Rico, California, Texas, and Florida—states with large populations of Hispanics For Black men and women, the top degree granting schools are Black non-HBCUs and HBCUs For American Indians/Alaska natives, the top degree granting schools are largely in Oklahoma, Arizona and other states with large American Indian/Alaska Native population. One is a tribal college

31. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  Structural Barriers that affect faculty at MSIs Mentoring/Role Models Balancing Faculty Roles:  Teaching, Research, Service Institutional Infrastructure Work/Family

32. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups  NSF can facilitate capacity building for STEM faculty from URG Institutional Transformation  Faculty Development: Research Support Curriculum and Pedagogy Support  Infrastructure Support Enhance opportunities for students from URG

33. Thank you! Questions? Contact: mposton@skidmore.edu