1. C H. 1 B IOLOGY IN THE 21 ST C ENTURY

2. Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.

3. E ARTH IS HOME TO AN INCREDIBLE DIVERSITY OF LIFE. The biosphere includes all living things and all the places they are found. biosphere = everywhere life exists

4. Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. Biodiversity is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures. Biodiversity is the variety of life. Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator.

5. A LL ORGANISMS SHARE CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS. Biology is the scientific study of all forms of life (the study of living things).

6. I. General Terms: 1. Science – a way of finding out about the physical world 2. Biology – The study of living things

7. All need energy for metabolism. (called?) 3. Organism – any living thing –All are made of one or more cells. –All respond to their environment. –All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.

8. II. Overview of science

9. V. L EVELS OF O RGANIZATION

10. III. The Scientific Method A standardized means of organizing and evaluating information to reach a valid conclusion. (easy definition- a step by step way to solve a problem )

11. L IKE ALL SCIENCE, BIOLOGY IS A PROCESS OF INQUIRY. Scientists make careful and systematic observations. Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data. Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a question. Scientists record observations as data.

12. Stop use doc. Cam Atom – element – compound – molecule – cell – tissue – organ – organ system – organism – population – community – ecosystem – biosphere

13. G ENERAL S TEPS FOR THE S CIENTIFIC M ETHOD 1. Observe 2. Define a problem 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Collect, Analyze and Record Data 6. Form a Conclusion 7. Scientific Theory……… 8. Scientific Law

14. Terms expanded: Hypothesis – an idea that explains your observations A valid hypothesis has three characteristics 1. Testable 2. Unbiased 3. Repeatable

15. If a hypothesis satisfies these criteria it can be accepted as a Scientific Theory

16. A THEORY EXPLAINS A WIDE RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS. Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results. A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific evidence. Theories can change based on new evidence.

17. IV. O THER C HARACTERISTICS OF S CIENCE 1. Objective 2. Subjective

18. 3. Quantitative 4. Qualitative

19. 5. Variable 6. Independent variable 7. Dependent variable 8. Control

20. 5. Dependant – the variable that changes because of what happens in the experiment. Graphed on the y axis 6. Independent – the variable that the experimenter changes – the one we are testing. Graphed on the x axis 7. Variable – a changeable factor ex. Temperature, time, food etc. 8. Control – a group that does not get tested. It is used as a “means” of comparison

21. V. R EVIEW OF THE S CIENTIFIC M ETHOD 1. Prefixes for the metric system

22. VI. C HARACTERISTICS OF L IVING T HINGS – SEE NEXT PPT. – THE NEXT SLIDES ARE JUST “ TALKING ” POINTS FOR IN CLASS

23. O RGANISMS MUST MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS TO SURVIVE IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS. Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

24. Homeostasis is usually maintained through negative feedback. Negative feedback systems return a condition to its normal (set) point. Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

25. Behaviors and adaptations can help maintain homeostasis.

26. E VOLUTION EXPLAINS THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE. Evolution is the change in living things over time. The genetic makeup of a population of a species changes. Evolution can occur through natural selection of adaptations. Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are passed to future generations.

27. Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.