1. Water Conservation and Recycling Needs Title XVI Success Stories Water Conservation and Recycling Roundtable April 8, 2010 Sacramento, CA

2. Title XVI Success Stories Purpose: History of Title XVI in SF Bay Area Implementation: South Bay Water Recycling (SBWR) in Silicon Valley Expansion: Bay Area Recycled Water Program Innovation: Bay Area Recycled Water Coalition Future Directions: Improving Title XVI Delivery

3. Title XVI “Reclamation Wastewater and Ground Water Studies” of 1992 Reclamation Projects Authorization and Adjustment Act (PL102-595) …to “investigate and identify” opportunities for water reclamation and reuse in the West, for design and construction of “demonstration and permanent facilities to reclaim and reuse wastewater, and to conduct research, and surface waters” including desalting, for the reclamation of wastewater and naturally impaired ground… The Secretary is authorized to conduct research and to construct, operate, and maintain cooperative demonstration projects for the development and demonstration of appropriate treatment technologies for the reclamation of municipal, industrial, domestic, and agricultural wastewater, and naturally impaired ground and surface waters…

4. Recycled Water Provides the Most Cost-Effective, Reliable Water Supply Sacramento-San Joaquin supplies continue to be threatened by multiple stressors – Drought – Climate change – Degradation of fragile ecosystems Locally produced, renewable recycled water provides an immediate supply that “bridges the gap” to other long-range solutions

5. Title XVI “Reclamation Wastewater and Ground Water Studies” of 1992 Reclamation Projects Authorization and Adjustment Act (PL102-595) Sec. 1605. Research and demonstration projects. Sec. 1606. Southern California comprehensive water reclamation and reuse study. Sec. 1607. San Jose area water reclamation and reuse program. Sec. 1608. Phoenix metropolitan water reclamation study and program. Sec. 1609. Tucson area water reclamation study. Sec. 1610. Lake Cheraw water reclamation and reuse study. Sec. 1611. San Francisco area water reclamation study. Sec. 1612. San Diego area water reclamation program. Sec. 1613. Los Angeles area water reclamation and reuse project. Sec. 1614. San Gabriel Basin demonstration project.

6. South Bay Water Recycling “Providing drought proof, high-quality water for our community.”

7. SBWR Regulatory History 1975-1990 SF Regional Water Quality Control Board Basin Plan prohibits discharges into south San Francisco Bay: – Less than 10:1 minimum initial dilution, – Discharge to dead-end sloughs, and – Discharge south of the Dumbarton Bridge. SJ/SC WPCP upgrades to 3° treatment, forms South Bay Dischargers Association (SBDA) with Palo Alto, Sunnyvale to demonstrate “net benefit” RWQCB reviews SBDA study, recommends 120 MGD flw limit on San Jose discharge due to fresh water conversion of salt marsh (Order No. 89-012)

8. SBWR Regulatory History (cont’d) 1990-1995 City of San Jose “South Bay Action Plan” provides for alternative to construction of deep water outfall: – 380 A salt marsh mitigation – 12 MGD water conservation – 46-51 MGD of water recycling State and Regional Boards accepts SBAP in lieu of 120 MGD flow limit (Order WQ 90-5) and require construction of 15 MGD SBWR Phase 1A and up to 47 MGD of future reuse projects (91-152, 93-117) San Jose Area Reclamation and Reuse Program Authorized in Title XVI of PL 102-575

9. System Capital Cost = $248 million Phase 1A: $140 million ($32.5 million federal) Phase 1B: $82 million ($20.5 million) Phase 1C (ARRA): $15 million ($6.5 million)

10. 109 miles of pipeline 4 pump stations (54 mgd) 3 reservoirs (9.5 MG storage) 601 customers 15 MGD seasonal use 10,000 AFY

11. Zone 3 Reservoir TPS WPCP Yerba Buena Reservoir Pump Station 5 Pump Station 8/11 109 miles of pipeline 4 pump stations (54 mgd) 3 reservoirs (9.5 MG storage) 601 customers 15 MGD seasonal use 10,000 AFY

12. One Program, Many Partners Master Agreements: San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Plant JPA and tributary agencies (three cities, five sanitation agencies) Wholesaler-Retailer Agreements: San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, San Jose Water Company Construction Agreements: Milpitas, Santa Clara, SJSU Joint Funding (Silver Creek): SCVWD, Calpine Grant Funding: USBR, SWRCB New 40-year Partnership with Santa Clara Valley Water District to jointly develop future water reuse projects

13. Over 600 Satisfied Customers

15. 40 local residents irrigate community garden plots with recycled water

16. SBWR Production Increasing

17. Stable Costs, Increasing Revenues

18. $6.46 million offered towards construction of up to 10 projects 8 projects with an estimated cost of $14.77 million selected for construction, operation by 9/30/11 Additional projects may be built if significant cost savings or additional funds are available. 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Funded Projects SBWR Phase 1C Projects Project Cost AFY 1.SC Central Park $4.30110 2.SJ Airport $1.72100 3.SCIndustrial 1 $0.75300 4.SBWR Laterals &Garden $0.98105 5.SJ State University $0.79135 6.SC Industrial 2 $1.90140 7.SC Industrial 3A$5.30500 8.SJ School Extensions$1.14100 Total Phase 1C Improvements 14.78 1500-2000

19. Potential Cooling Tower Demand # Use (AFY)% Existing Customers Landscape Irrigation583575568% Cooling Towers7227727% Other Industrial104545% Potential Cooling Tower Demand Cooling Towers 0–50 ft391746 Cooling Towers 50 – 500 ft663 Cooling Towers 500-2500 ft17206

20. San Jose’s proposed indoor use requirements Existing Outdoor Use Rules > 10,000 sf must be plumbed for recycled water (§15.11.260) Must connect to recycled water when available (§15.10.295) Planning Director can exempt facilities from requirements Proposed Indoor Use Rules Install dual-plumbed systems for indoor use within SBWR Service Area (1/2 mile) or >50ksf. Connect when recycled water available. Planning Director can exempt facilities from requirements

21. USBR-funded research helped SBWR address salinity issues Comparison of Advanced Treatment Methods for Partial Desalting of Tertiary Effluents (USBR, SCVWD, City of San Jose, 2004) compared reverse osmosis, electrodialysis reversal to improve recycled water quality.

24. Bay Area Recycled Water Coaltion (BARWC) Expands to SF Bay Area

25. BARWC Brings Communities Together and Promotes Sustainable Water Use

26. “The challenge for Congress is that stakeholders’ perspectives on how to improve the program are fundamentally different. Project sponsors generally prefer a more streamlined project development process and expanded program appropriations, while the Administration supports a smaller, more focused program with long-term objectives tied to federal interests.”

27. How Can We Improve? 1.Continue to invest in research and development of new technologies to speed construction, improve water quality 2.Federal funding should continue to bring partners together to promote sustainable water reuse – Encourage local agencies to work across jurisdictional boundaries – Incentivize new customer connections (e.g. tax credits for industrial customers) – Emphasize benefits to gain support for funding authorized projects 3.New competitive programs should augment, not replace existing Title XVI project funding – Minimize duplication of local, state planning and design effort – Create ongoing local-state-federal working group to provide “continuous improvement” of Title XVI program

28. Conclusion On a life-cycle basis, recycled water projects continue to provide the least expensive, most reliable water supply available in the Western US Federal support is needed to ensure that long- term benefits are not obscured by cheaper short- term alternatives The Title XVI program continues to play a major role in developing the recycled water market and ensuring the success of future local projects