1. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb1 The Usage of N-Perflourcarbons as RICH Radiators

2. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb2 The specifications Little chromatic dispersion Refractive index sufficient O(1.001) Good UV transmittance (CsI) Long radiation length Non flammable Easy to use  N-perflourcarbons fulfill these specs

3. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb3 Refractive index FROM: Gas Cherenkov detectors for high momentum charged particle identification in ALICE G. Volpe et. altera n = 1.0021 @ 7eV Gas(n-1)x10 4 @ CF45.3180 nm C4F1015180 nm C5F1221180 nm C6F14 Fluid! 2800180nm Refractive index can be tuned by choosing the appropriate Perflourcarbon Very moderate chromatic dispersion, at 177 nm dn/dE [eV −1 ] = 53 × 10−6* *Dissertation von Peter Fauland Universit¨at Bielefeld

4. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb4 Transparency Good transparency for clean C n F m Extinction in far UV ok for light gas as C3F8 –Photon detector should be sensitive above 180nm molar extinction coefficient,  (1/cm/mol) Chemical Physics Letters, volume 3, number 8, 1969, 649-651

5. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb5 Watch contaminations Benzene kills transparancy Water and Oxygen should be kept low 150nm 200 nm Water

6. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb6 Membrane cleaning Membranes allow selection of kinetic diameter CF 4 and C 4 F 10 can be well separated from Oxygen, Argon and Nitrogen UBE Industries, Specialty Chemicals and Products Division, High Purity Chemicals Business Unit, Ube Europe GmbH, Duseldorf, Germany.

7. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb7 C 4 F 10 recovery C 4 F 10 is a good Čerenkov radiator Widely used: Compass, Delphi, Hera-B, Hermes, LHCb Expensive gas: must be recovered before opening detector Example: LHCb Rich1

8. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb8 LHCb RICH1 C 4 F 10 recovery Twofold membrane filters –Eliminates light gases –Exit can be used for recovery or direct recycling Fridge –Separates C 4 F 10 from Argon, Nitrogen etc. –Outputs liquid C 4 F 10 to container

9. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb9 The test setup

10. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb10 The test setup

11. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb11 The test setup

12. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb12 The test setup N 2Out

13. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb13 The test setup

14. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb14 The test setup

15. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb15 Vapor pressure of C n F m

16. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb16 Tests 20 recovery test with C4F10 13 runs with evaporation in source bottle 7 runs with external evaporation

17. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb17 Obstacles Mixture of different C n F m, O(5%) non C 4 F 10 Ice built up in compressor electronic box Up to 6.6 kg can stay in recovery rack Corrosion of 63 l bottles in lab –Liquid extraction line in bottle not gas tight C 4 F 10 condensates at 1.2 bar overpressure –Compression must go along with heating Liquid loss at >200l/h waste gas flow

18. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb18 Summary of recovery tests System works stable Efficiency in first 5 tests 81.5% av. Efficiency in next 15 tests 90.4% av. External evaporator works reliably 24 h for 4 m 3 of LHCb RICH1 @ max. flow Next steps –Installation of recovery system –commissioning

19. RICH 2007Dirk Wiedner / LHCb19 Backup Slides