1. SYMBIOSIS How are our relationships comparable to ecology?

2. Fitting In Organisms not only live together in ecological communities, but they also constantly interact with one another. These interactions, which include predation and competition, help shape the ecosystem in which they live. 1. Based on your own experiences, define predation. Give one example of predation. 2. Based on your own experiences, define competition. Give one example of competition. Section 4-2 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

3. What is symbiosis? Symbiosis: is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species. Mutualism: cooperative relationship in which both species derive some benefit. Example: Pollination Parasitism: one individual known as the parasite, feeds on another individual, known as the host. Endoparasite- Internal Ectoparasite- External Commensalism: interaction in which one species benefits and the other is not affected.

4. How do we understand Symbiosis? Every ecosystem has many different symbiotic relationships. Each fills a niche. All symbiotic relationships are specific to the organisms. You can’t replace one with another.

5. Parasites Dog Fleas Heart Worm Giardia

6. Commensalism 1.An orchid lives on a tropical tree. It lives on the tree to reach the sunlight.

7. Mutualism 1.There is a bird, the Egyptian plover, which cleans crocodile teeth by eating the left over food particles in the crocodile’s mouth.

8. Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Abiotic Factors Section 4-2 Abiotic and Biotic Factors Go to Section:

9. Habitat vs. Niche Habitat- place where an organism lives Niche- the use of its habitat and its function/ role in the community

10. Niche Fundamental niche- the entire range where an organism could survive. Realized niche- actual area in a community that an organism occupies due to competition.

11. Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Spruce tree Section 4-2 Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches Go to Section:

12. Biomagnification Movement of toxin through a food chain. Increases 10x/level

13. Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of DDT Concentration 10,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000,000 1 1000 Large Fish Small Fish Zooplankton Producers Water Section 6-3 Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT Go to Section: