1. HISTORY OF THE FIGURE IN ART

2. Throughout history, human figures have appeared in drawings, paintings, sculpture, and other art forms.

3. The figure in art has changed as human needs and artistic expression evolved. In the beginning figures in art were used only for communication and religious purposes. Later, portraits of important people, and then the middle class, became popular. After the invention of the camera, figures in art became very creative and expressive.

4. PREHISTORIC FIGURES Line drawings of figures, similar to “stick figures.” Told stories and communicated before written language.

7. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN FIGURES (5000 BC-300 AD) Figure drawings were flat looking, with heads and feet in profile, while the body faced forward. Most important figures were shown larger than others.

8. Profile head Forward facing torso Profile legs & feet

10. PRE-COLUMBIAN FIGURES (1800 BC-1500 AD) Figures were mostly stylized sculptures. Represented gods and other deities for worship and ceremonies.

13. Figure Drawings on a Codex

14. ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN FIGURES (500 BC-500 AD) Figures were often used in storytelling, especially mythology.

15. Storytelling on Ceramic Vases & Urns

16. Figures from Mythology Medusa Apollo & Hercules Zeus Poseidon Hermes

17. ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN FIGURES (500 BC-500 AD) Drawings were still flat looking, but sculptures were very realistic.

18. Very realistic figure sculpture

19. Eyes were blank or hollow “Windows to the Soul”

20. ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN FIGURES (500 BC-500 AD) Figure sculptures showed the classical “contrapposto” pose and realistic looking drapery.

21. “Contrapposto” Pose Realistic looking drapery

22. MIDDLE AGES FIGURES (400-1500) Figures were beginning to develop a little more in form. Used in picturing religious and medieval scenes.

23. Lack of Perspective

24. Old looking children

25. Mosaics & Tapestries

26. Illuminated Manuscripts

27. RENAISSANCE FIGURES (1400’s-1500’s) With the discovery of perspective, figures had more realistic form.

28. “School of Athens” by Raphael

29. “The Pieta” by Michelangelo

30. RENAISSANCE FIGURES (1400’s-1500’s) Figures continued in religious depictions, but also became popular as portraits of the clergy and wealthy patrons.

31. Jean de Montfort and Marie de Medici

32. RENAISSANCE FIGURES (1400’s-1500’s) In time, portraiture grew to include the middle class, often times using symbolism.

33. “Georg Gisze, A German Merchant in London” by Holbein the Younger

34. RENAISSANCE FIGURES (1400’s-1500’s) Children became younger looking.

36. NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC FIGURES ( 1700’s) Portraiture continued to be popular, sometimes including land, house, pet, or other prized possession.

37. “Robert Andrews and His Wife” by Thomas Gainsborough

38. “Miss Bowles and Her Dog” by Sir Joshua Reynolds Children now looked like their appropriate young age

39. NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC FIGURES ( 1700’s) Figure painting and sculpture provided entertainment or delivered an inspirational message.

40. “Watson and The Shark” by John Singleton Copley

41. “Napoleon Crossing the Alps” by Jacques- Louis David

42. 19 th CENTURY FIGURES (1800’s) The invention of the camera had a profound effect on art, allowing it to change from realistic to more creative styles, like Impressionism and Post- Impressionism. Emphasized brush strokes and lighting to create an “impression” of the moment.

43. “Mother and Child” by Mary Cassatt IMPRESSIONISM

44. “Lady with a Parasol” by Claude Monet IMPRESSIONISM

45. 19 th CENTURY FIGURES (1800’s) Genre (everyday life) scenes and portraits were popular.

46. “A Dance at the Moulin de la Galette” by Pierre Auguste Renoir IMPRESSIONISM

47. “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by Georges Seurat POST-IMPRESSIONISM

48. “Self Portrait with Felt Hat” by Vincent Van Gogh POST- IMPRESSIONISM

49. 20 TH CENTURY FIGURES Monuments were made to immortalize prominent figures in history.

50. “Lincoln Memorial” by Daniel Chester French

51. “Mount Rushmore” by Gutzon Borglum

52. “Iwo Jima” Memorial by Felix de Weldon

53. 20 TH CENTURY FIGURES Expensive portraits were usually only painted because of prestige.

54. “Pope John Paul II” by Nelson Shanks

55. “Martin Luther King, Jr.” by Boris Chaliapin

56. 20 TH CENTURY FIGURES Figures were created in a wide variety of art styles, like Abstract, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art.

57. “Smiling Face” by Jean Dubuffet ABSTRACT

58. “The Bride” by Marcel DuChamp ABSTRACT

59. “Recumbent Figure” by Henry Moore ABSTRACT

60. “The Scream” by Edvard Munch EXPRESSIONISM

61. “The Old Guitarist” by Pablo Picasso EXPRESSIONISM

62. “Portrait of Matisse” by Andre Derain FAUVISM

63. “Woman” by Maurice De Vlaminck FAUVISM

64. “Weeping Woman” by Pablo Picasso CUBISM

65. “The Three Musicians” by Pablo Picasso CUBISM

66. “Portrait of Picasso” by Juan Gris CUBISM

67. “Galatea of the Spheres” by Salvador Dali SURREALISM

68. “Golconda” by Rene Magritte SURREALISM

69. “Song of Love” by Rene Magritte SURREALISM

70. “Labels” by Keith Haring POP ART

71. “In the Car” by Roy Lichtenstein POP ART

72. “9 Marilyns” by Andy Warhol POP ART