1. 1 The CERNET Optical Network Xing Li 2004-06-08

2. 2 Outline l Introduction l CERNET Optical Transport Network l CERNET IP Backbone l Operation Experience l Next Generation Plan l Conclusion

3. 3 CERNET Statistics l China Education and Research Network (CERNET) is the first and largest academic Internet backbone in China. l 8 national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links l 30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps SDH links l 38 GigaPops distributed in 36 cities, covering all the provinces in Mainland China. l 300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via 100Mbps- 1Gbps links. l 1,500 education and research institutions connected and provide Internet connectivity l 15 million users l 320 million students/school kids

4. 4 CERNET Dark Fiber Layout

5. 5 CERNET Transport Network

6. 6 CERNET IP Backbone

7. 7 CERNET Operation Experience l Bandwidth is never enough l Protection can be done in layer 3 l Unified network management system is desirable l Flow control and security is essential

8. 8 Bandwidth is never enough l But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only solution.

9. 9 Protection can be done in layer 3

10. 10 Unified network management system is desirable

11. 11 Flow Control and Security is Essential

12. 12 University Connectivity Demand l 16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year 2002. l The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about 8,000 students. l If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized campus network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth. l When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4 Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities. l For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.

13. 13 School Connectivity Demand l The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in 2002. There are about 1.2Million schools. l If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated bandwidth. l For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.

14. 14 Economical Considerations l The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price, which should be able cover –the link to the global Internet –the port to other Internet backbone in China –the construction and operation CERNET backbone –the metropolitan networks and the campus networks l What can be collected –University student 30 RMB/month –School kids 3 RMB/month

15. 15 CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan

16. 16 CERNET2 plan 北京 郑州 西安 武汉合肥上海 杭州 广州 成都 沈阳 天津 重庆 济南 厦门 大连 长春 哈尔滨 长沙 南京 兰州 10G 2.5G 用户接入网 l 10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities

17. 17 Advanced Applications

18. 18 Conclusions l China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key for its future development. l Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is one of the major step in the modernization process. l CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost. l The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational population in Mainland China is the key of success.